Welcome to CMPE003 Personal Computer Concepts: Hardware and Software Winter 2003 UC Santa Cruz Instructor: Guy Cox

Assignments Details on the class web page:  TAs  Chunxiao Zhou  Dat Nguyen Sections  Monday – 4 – 6 PM, Oakes #205  Tuesday – 4 – 6 PM, Oakes #205  Friday – 10 – 12 AM, Oakes #205

2 nd Homework: Due January 22, 2003 Web Search Exercise See class web page for details

Computer Systems Computer  CPU  Memory Peripheral equipment  Connected to the computer by a cable  Input, output, storage

Network Definition  A system that uses communication equipment to connect computers and their resources. Types  Local area network (LAN) – connects computers in close proximity  Metropolitan area network (MAN) – connect computers between buildings in the same geographic area  Wide area network (WAN) – connects computers over great distances

Home Connectivity Connect home PC to other computers  (Usually via an ISP) Use modem to convert signals between electronic (computer) and analog (voice) formats  Dial-up modem  ADSL modem  Cable modem

Internet Collection of networks No ownership No central source for services available No comprehensive index of what information is available Individuals Businesses Organizations Libraries Research labs Government Connects Everyone!

Getting Connected User’s computer must connect to a server Server must communicate using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) The user can purchase access to a server from an ISP (Internet Service Provider)

Internet – What Can You Do? WWW – World Wide Web FTP (File Transfer Protocol) UseNet (news groups) IRC (Internet Relay Chat), MUDs (Multi- user Domains), Moos (MUD Object Oriented) Bulletin Boards

World Wide Web Browser – program that allows the user to move around and explore the Internet Use the mouse to point and click on text and graphics Terminology: Web site Home page Web page

Classifications of Computers Use the computer that fits your needs Based upon  Size  Speed  Cost  Portability  Number of simultaneous users supported  Available software  Typical use

Personal Computers Other names  PC  Microcomputer  Home computer Categories  Low-end functional  Fully powered  Workstations  Net computer or net box (Web TV) Desktop Models  Separate CPU tower, monitor and keyboard

Portable Computers Notebooks  Lightweight  Fits in a briefcase  Battery operated Laptops  Larger  Heavier More expensive than desktop models

Handheld Computers Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)  Scheduling  Addresses  Handwritten input  May offer wireless and fax Pocket PC  More power than PDA  Runs basic productivity software

Other Types of Computers Client/Servers  client processes requesting service from server processes  clients and servers running on the appropriate hardware and software Mainframes  High speed  More expensive  Used to process large amounts of data quickly Transaction processing  Support multiple users  Does server tasks Supercomputers  Fastest speed  Most expensive

OPERATING SYSTEMS Software in the Background Chapter 2 Part a Operating Systems

Objectives of Chapter 2 Describe the functions of an Operating System Explain the basics of a personal computer operating system Describe the advantages of a graphical operating system Differentiate among different operating systems Explain the need for network operating systems Describe the methods of resource allocation on large computers Be able to describe the differences among multiprocessing, multiprogramming, and timesharing Explain the principles of memory management List several functions typically performed by utility programs

Operating System: Hidden Software Definition – provides access to all resources Kernel  Manages the operating system  Memory resident  Loads set of programs that lies between applications software and the hardware  Fundamental software that controls non-resident portions of the OS as needed Booting – Loads the kernel into memory

Systems Software Definition:  All programs related to coordinating computer operations Components  Operating System  Utility programs  Program language translators

Functions of OS Manage the computer’s resources  CPU  Memory  Disk drives  Printers Establish a user interface Execute and provide services for applications software Carries out all input and output operation

User Interface Facilitates communication between the user and the operating system Two forms  Command line Text-based Key commands Examples: MS-DOS, Unix  Graphical user interface (GUI) (pronounced “gooey”) Visual images Menus Examples: X Windows (UNIX), MS Windows, Mac OS

Platform Definition: Computer hardware and operating system software that dictate what other software can run Wintel (Windows/Intel) Intel-based PC running MS Windows SPARC (Sun Microsystems) Sun based architecture running Solaris (UNIX)

OS is Hidden User interested in application software to make the PC useful Application software is platform specific User must be aware of the type of OS User should be aware of the functions of OS

Types of OS’s Interface  Command Line, GUI Single User  PC, MAC Multi-user  UNIX, Linux, Mainframe (Proprietary) Network(ed) Operating System (NOS)

MS-DOS Command-line interface – ala UNIX Prompt – system is waiting for you to do something Type in a command Not user-friendly