The Engineering Profession

 What is Engineering?  The Engineering Design Process  Rewards and Opportunities of an Engineering Career  Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20 th Century  Engineering Disciplines  Engineering Job Functions  Employment Opportunities  Important Fields for the Future  Engineering as a Profession

If someone (father, grandmother, aunt, friend, fellow student) asked you the question: “What is engineering?” - How would you respond? “Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of [hu]mankind.”

 Study Chapter 2 of Studying Engineering  Search the web  Talk to engineering professionals  Attend career days  Other?

1 - Customer need or business opportunity 2 - Problem definition/specifications and constraints 3 - Data and information collection 4 - Development of alternative designs 5 - Evaluation of designs/selection of optimal design 6 - Implementation of optimal design 7 - Testing and evaluation of the design 8 - Redesign and retest, if necessary

 Internet (e.g.,  Trade magazines (e.g., Popular Mechanics, PC World, etc.)  Engineering society websites and magazines (e.g.,  Reverse engineering

Sikorsky Prize History of human-powered helicopters University of Maryland Gamera Project

Number one cause of unhappiness among people in the U.S.  Financial problems?  Relationship problems?  Health problems?  Job dissatisfaction? Yes! No What is it about engineering that is so satisfying?

1. Varied opportunities 2. Challenging work 3. Intellectual development 4. Social impact 5. Financial security 6. Prestige 7. Professional environment 8. Understanding how things work 9. Creative thinking 10. Self esteem

The day you walk down the aisle to receive your degree in engineering, you have closed no doors. There is nothing you cannot become from that day forward!!!

EngineerProfession Jimmy CarterPresident of the United States Alfred HitchcockFilm Director/Producer Eleanor BaumFirst Woman Dean of Engineering Herbie HancockJazz Musician Frank CapraAmerican Film Director Paul MacCreadyInventor/Winner of Kremer Prize Ellen OchoaSpace Shuttle Astronaut Hyman G. RickoverFather of the Nuclear Navy Bill NyeHost of TV Show “Bill Nye, The Science Guy” Boris YeltsinPresident of Russia Alexander CalderSculptor Bill KochYachtsman/Captain of America Cup Team

EngineerProfession W. Edwards DemingFather of Modern Management Practice (TQM) Grace Murray HopperU.S. Navy Rear Admiral/Computer Engineer Ming TsaiRestaurateur and Star on TV’s Food Network Hu JintaoPresident of the People’s Republic of China Montel WilliamsSyndicated Talk Show Host John H. SununuPolitical Pundit/Governor of New Hampshire Samuel BodmanU.S. Secretary of Energy Donald ThompsonCEO and President, McDonald’s Corp. Rowan AtkinsonBritish Actor/Comedian/Screenwriter Rudolph DieselInventor of the Diesel Engine

EngineerProfession Michael BloombergBillionaire/Mayor of New York City Lonnie G. JohnsonInventor (SuperSoaker®) A. Scott CrossfieldX-15 Test Pilot Don Louis A. FerreGovernor of Puerto Rico Yasser ArafatPalestinian Leader/Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Tom LandryDallas Cowboys’ Head Coach Igor SikorskyInventor of Single Rotor Helicopter Mohamed MorsiPresident of Egypt Shiela WidnallSecretary of the Air Force David A. WolfAstronaut/Medical Doctor/Electrical Engineer Robert A. MoogFather of Synthetic Music Chester CarlsonInventor of Xerox Process John A. McConeDirector of Central Intelligence Agency Arthur C. NielsenDeveloper of Nielsen TV Ratings

DisciplineAverage Salary Engineering$60,639 Computer Sciences 60,038 Business 51,541 Health Sciences (including Nursing)46,567 Mathematics and Sciences 42,355 Communications 42,286 Education 39,080 Humanities & Social Sciences 36,319 Average for All Disciplines$44,259 Beginning Offers to 2012 Bachelor’s Degree Graduates

Engineers are critical to: International competitiveness Standard of living National security Personal health Public safety

20. High performance materials 19. Nuclear technologies 18. Laser and fiber optics 17. Petroleum and gas technologies 16. Health technologies 15. Household appliances 14. Imaging technologies 13. Internet 12. Space exploration 11. Interstate highways

10. Air-conditioning and refrigeration 9. Telephone 8. Computers 7. Agricultural mechanization 6. Radio and television 5. Electronics 4. Safe and abundant water 3. Airplane 2. Automobile 1. Electrification

Discipline# of Accredited Programs B.S. Degrees Awarded in 2010/11 Mechanical engineering28919,016 Civil engineering22413,175 Electrical and electronics engineering 29712,005 Computer engineering21811,610 Chemical engineering1586,297 Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 734,293 Industrial engineering933,423 Aerospace engineering653,286 General engineering732,812 Other (20 disciplines)3798,671

 Analysis  Design  Test  Development  Sales  Research  Management  Consulting  Teaching  Entrepreneurship

Employment AreaPercentage Business/Industry80.3% Federal Government5.4% State/Local Government5.7% Educational Institutions5.1% Self-Employed3.5% Total100%

 Computer and electronic product  Transportation equipment  Machinery  Fabricated metal product  Chemical  Electronic equipment, appliance, and component

Professional, scientific, and technical services Information Construction Wholesale trade Administrative and support Management of companies and enterprises Utilities Mining

50 to 4140 to 3130 to 2120 to 1110 to 1 Hybrid carsLithium rechargeable batteries Home audio editingJPEGGenetic sequencing Mini discDVDHome video editingMicrobloggingWeb-based Color plasma displayCD-RCamcordersCaller IDSearch engines Optical computer mouse Voice mailDigital SLR camerasMobile broadbandSmart phones LED headlightsOnline stock tradingMulti-core processors BlogsText messaging Electronic tollsDoppler radarSatellite radioMP3 playersWi-Fi OLED TVMPEG-4Flip phonesElectronic word processing MP3 Blu-rayFlash memoryDigital HDTVDVRBroadband Internet Satellite TVBluetoothInstant messagingDNA profilingPersonal computers Recordable DVDsCommercialized GPS Consumer digital cameras Social networking service World Wide Web

 Fall of the Berlin Wall  Advances in computer technology  Advances in communications  The knowledge and information explosion  Globalization (outsourcing, off-shoring)  Environmental challenges/sustainability  World population explosion  Democratization  Pandemic diseases/drug resistant germs  Climate change/natural disasters  Nuclear proliferation  Events of September 11, 2001/threat of terrorism

1.Make solar energy economical 2.Provide energy from fusion 3.Develop carbon sequestration methods 4.Manage the nitrogen cycle4.Manage the nitrogen cycle 5.Provide access to clean water5.Provide access to clean water 6.Restore and improve urban infrastructure 7.Advance health informatics7.Advance health informatics

8.Engineer better medicines 9.Reverse-engineer the brain 10.Prevent nuclear terror 11.Secure cyberspace 12.Enhance virtual reality 13.Advance personalized learning 14.Engineer the tools of scientific discovery

Sustainability is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Examples of problems  Global warming/climate change  Ozone depletion  Water quality and quantity  Air pollution  Dependence on fossil fuels/energy crisis  Unsustainable agriculture  Threat of disease  Waste management and land pollution  Over-consumption  World hunger  Loss of ecosystems/deforestation/ animal extinction animal extinction

 Designs that use less energy or reduce emission  Designs with minimal carbon footprints  Designs that reduce material usage or waste in manufacturing  Designs with no toxic materials  Designs that comply with environmental standards and regulations  Manufacturing processes that use less energy and natural resources  Products that can be disposed of safely, including biodegradable materials and packaging  Manufacturing processes that minimize the usage or production of substances of concern  Designs that use renewable/recyclable/recycled materials  Products that require less packaging

Characteristics of a learned profession Professional registration Graduation from ABET-accredited engineering program Pass Fundamentals of Engineering Exam (FE) Complete four years of acceptable engineering practice Pass the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) Exam Professional societies

Working in your group, develop a list of specifications for a motorized wheel chair that could be used on a sandy beach. Appoint a leader to keep the discussion on topic and a recorder to record and report what you come up with

In your group, “brainstorm” a list of tangible things you can do to learn more about engineering. Be bold and creative! Appoint a leader to keep the discussion on topic and a recorder to record and report what you come up with.