Pacific Disaster Center 1305 N. Holopono St., Suite 2 Kihei, Maui, Hawaii Regional Disaster Overview Thursday, 06 March Mr. Todd Bosse Sr. Geospatial Information Analyst MPAT Tempest Express 14 Staff Planning Workshop Phnom Penh, Cambodia March 2008

Src: PDC Src: Digital Globe

Facts … Disasters Destabilize Economic and Political Orders –In 2006 disasters killed 23,000 people, affected 143 million others, and cost more than $34.5b USD (CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006) –Natural disasters cost developing countries 2%–15% of GDP annually [on average] (Kreiner, Arnold, and Carlin 2003) –Natural disasters cause high unstability in national incomes (Asian Development Bank, Strategy for the New Millennium) Source: CRED

Facts … Disasters are on the Rise –There has been a substantial increase in the number of reported natural disasters in the [Pacific] region since 1950s (World Bank, Not if but when – Executive Summary 2006) –…[in] … number of disasters increasing by nearly a multiple factor of two (CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006) Src: CRED

Asia-Pacific We Live in a Disaster-Prone Region (Asia Pacific) –44% of disasters BUT 83% of victims (UN – International Strategies for Disaster Reduction, Disasters in Numbers, 2006) –In 2006, disasters affected 119M people and cost $25b USD (CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006) Number of Disasters by ContinentNumber of Victims by Continent Source: CRED

Regional Disaster Overview Asia accounts for over 60% of the World’s total population with 3.8 billion people. Much of Asia lies within a high risk area termed the “Pacific Ring of Fire” Majority of Asian nations are “developing”. “ Asia has been the world’s most disaster prone region, having suffered about half of the world’s major disasters over the past five decades.” (SRC: ADRC,

Disasters in Developing Nations Proportion of persons living in cities in developing countries has doubled since –Half are disaster prone due to the same features that make them livable The poor are hardest hit –Poverty drives informal settlements in disaster prone areas –Disasters severely affect food production in the poor –Small fluctuations in income have a dramatic impact on the poor. Savings not adequate to deal with a catastrophe –No insurance Many Nations require additional investments in capabilities relevant to disaster management –Varying levels of capabilities SRC: Freeeman, P., Keen, M., Mani M., “Being Prepared”, Finance and Development, Sept 2003.

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Facts …Ring of Fire….. The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean in a 40,000 km horseshoe shape. (SRC: USGS) It is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic belts and tectonic plate movements. (SRC: USGS) The Ring of Fire contains 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. (SRC: USGS, National Geographic) Ninety percent of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire. (SRC: USGS)

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Facts … World EQ Snapshot

Asia-Pacific Volcanoes

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Country Typhoon Flood Drought Land- slide Tsunami Earth-quake Volcanic Fire Cambodia LSLL Indonesia LMMLLSMM Lao PDR LSMM Malaysia MSSLML Myanmar MMMSS Philippines SSLSSSMS Thailand LSSLLL Vietnam MMLSSLL Note: L = light; M= medium; S = severe ASEAN Disaster Overview

Cambodia Disasters Number of People Killed Number of People Affected DisasterDateKilled FloodJul FloodJul FloodAug EpidemicApr FloodSep FloodAug EpidemicJun FloodAug EpidemicJul FloodAug DisasterDateAffected FloodJul-20003,448,053 FamineSep-19952,500,000 Famine19962,500,000 FloodAug-20011,669,182 FloodAug-20021,470,000 FloodSep-19961,310,000 FloodAug ,000 FamineSep ,000 DroughtJan ,000 FloodAug ,904 Most Significant Disasters in Cambodia

Goal: Enhance ASEAN disaster management capacity & readiness by establishing a common operating picture and data sharing methods. Process: Evaluate and document the existing and varying ICT capabilities for each of the participating member countries NDMO’s. –Based on established ‘benchmarks’ Product: Develop GAP analysis document. –Website, GIS, data sharing, networking, partner agencies ASEAN DISCNet

With regard to the DISCNet benchmark categories, NDMO’s have varying levels of capability from Nation to Nation. All Nations have ‘Basic’ infrastructure DISCNet Results ½ of nations have reliable internet access. Most need investments in GIS and Archived Disaster Information. No established mechanism for sharing of disaster related information regionally

The future … Disasters are Global Concerns requiring wide- spread support –Whole of Government and Military HA/DR –International Support and Collaboration Cannot Stop Disasters; But Can Reduce Impacts –In 1991, Cyclone Val cost 230% of Samoa GDP; while Heta in 2004 cost only 9% of GDP (World Bank, Not if but when – Executive Summary 2006) Information Technologies Are Here Today –Decision Aid Tools –Risk Assessment Methodologies –Exercises

Natural Hazards & Vulnerabilities Atlas Regional, web-based, geospatial information application with access to GIS data and attributes designed to support the disaster management/emergency response communities. Natural Hazards Tropical Storms Wildfires Earthquakes Tsunamis Volcanoes Floods Risk Exposure People Infrastructure

Mr. Todd Bosse Sr. Geospatial Information Analyst Pacific Disaster Center Hawaii, USA