CISE301_Topic71 SE301: Numerical Methods Topic 7 Numerical Integration Lecture KFUPM (Term 101) Section 04 Read Chapter 21, Section 1 Read Chapter 22, Sections 2-3
CISE301_Topic72 L ecture 24 Introduction to Numerical Integration Definitions Upper and Lower Sums Trapezoid Method (Newton-Cotes Methods) Romberg Method Gauss Quadrature Examples
CISE301_Topic73 Integration Indefinite Integrals Indefinite Integrals of a function are functions that differ from each other by a constant. Definite Integrals Definite Integrals are numbers.
CISE301_Topic74 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
CISE301_Topic75 The Area Under the Curve One interpretation of the definite integral is: Integral = area under the curve ab f(x)
CISE301_Topic76 Upper and Lower Sums ab f(x) The interval is divided into subintervals.
CISE301_Topic77 Upper and Lower Sums ab f(x)
CISE301_Topic78 Example
9 Example
10 Upper and Lower Sums Estimates based on Upper and Lower Sums are easy to obtain for monotonic functions (always increasing or always decreasing). For non-monotonic functions, finding maximum and minimum of the function can be difficult and other methods can be more attractive.
CISE301_Topic711 Newton-Cotes Methods In Newton-Cote Methods, the function is approximated by a polynomial of order n. Computing the integral of a polynomial is easy.
CISE301_Topic712 Newton-Cotes Methods Trapezoid Method ( First Order Polynomials are used ) Simpson 1/3 Rule ( Second Order Polynomials are used )
CISE301_Topic713 L ecture 25 Trapezoid Method Derivation-One Interval Multiple Application Rule Estimating the Error Recursive Trapezoid Method Read 21.1
CISE301_Topic714 Trapezoid Method f(x)
CISE301_Topic715 Trapezoid Method Derivation-One Interval
CISE301_Topic716 Trapezoid Method f(x)
CISE301_Topic717 Trapezoid Method Multiple Application Rule ab f(x) x
CISE301_Topic718 Trapezoid Method General Formula and Special Case
CISE301_Topic719 Example Given a tabulated values of the velocity of an object. Obtain an estimate of the distance traveled in the interval [0,3]. Time (s) Velocity (m/s) Distance = integral of the velocity
CISE301_Topic720 Example 1 Time (s) Velocity (m/s)
CISE301_Topic721 Error in estimating the integral Theorem
CISE301_Topic722 Estimating the Error For Trapezoid Method
CISE301_Topic723 Example
CISE301_Topic724 Example x f(x)
CISE301_Topic725 Example x f(x)
CISE301_Topic726 Recursive Trapezoid Method f(x)
CISE301_Topic727 Recursive Trapezoid Method f(x) Based on previous estimate Based on new point
CISE301_Topic728 Recursive Trapezoid Method f(x) Based on previous estimate Based on new points
CISE301_Topic729 Recursive Trapezoid Method Formulas
CISE301_Topic730 Recursive Trapezoid Method
Example on Recursive Trapezoid CISE301_Topic731 nhR(n,0) 0 (b-a)=/2(/4)[sin(0) + sin(/2)]= (b-a)/2=/4R(0,0)/2 + (/4) sin(/4) = (b-a)/4=/8R(1,0)/2 + (/8)[sin(/8)+sin(3/8)] = (b-a)/8=/16R(2,0)/2 + (/16)[sin(/16)+sin(3/16)+sin(5/16)+ sin(7/16)] = Estimated Error = |R(3,0) – R(2,0)| =
CISE301_Topic732 Advantages of Recursive Trapezoid Recursive Trapezoid: Gives the same answer as the standard Trapezoid method. Makes use of the available information to reduce the computation time. Useful if the number of iterations is not known in advance.
CISE301_Topic733 L ecture 26 Romberg Method Motivation Derivation of Romberg Method Romberg Method Example When to stop? Read 22.2
CISE301_Topic734 Motivation for Romberg Method Trapezoid formula with a sub-interval h gives an error of the order O(h 2 ). We can combine two Trapezoid estimates with intervals h and h/2 to get a better estimate.
CISE301_Topic735 Romberg Method First column is obtained using Trapezoid Method R(0,0) R(1,0)R(1,1) R(2,0)R(2,1)R(2,2) R(3,0)R(3,1)R(3,2)R(3,3) The other elements are obtained using the Romberg Method
CISE301_Topic736 First Column Recursive Trapezoid Method
CISE301_Topic737 Derivation of Romberg Method
CISE301_Topic738 Romberg Method R(0,0) R(1,0)R(1,1) R(2,0)R(2,1)R(2,2) R(3,0)R(3,1)R(3,2)R(3,3)
CISE301_Topic739 Property of Romberg Method R(0,0) R(1,0)R(1,1) R(2,0)R(2,1)R(2,2) R(3,0)R(3,1)R(3,2)R(3,3) Error Level
CISE301_Topic740 Example 0.5 3/81/3
CISE301_Topic741 Example (cont.) 0.5 3/81/3 11/321/3
CISE301_Topic742 When do we stop?
CISE301_Topic743 L ecture 27 Gauss Quadrature Motivation General integration formula Read 22.3
CISE301_Topic744 Motivation
CISE301_Topic745 General Integration Formula
CISE301_Topic746 Lagrange Interpolation
Example Determine the Gauss Quadrature Formula of If the nodes are given as (-1, 0, 1) Solution: First we need to find l 0 (x), l 1 (x), l 2 (x) Then compute: CISE301_Topic747
Solution CISE301_Topic748
Using the Gauss Quadrature Formula CISE301_Topic749
Using the Gauss Quadrature Formula CISE301_Topic750
CISE301_Topic751 Improper Integrals