Introduction to Chinese Domain Name ZHANG Hong Aug 24, 2003

Agenda IDN CDN Current Status

IDN IDN （ Internationalized Domain Name ） Introduce international characters into DNS Main technical specification IDNA Nameprep （ stringprep ） ACE (punycode)

IDN Architecture

CDN CDN(Chinese Domain Name) Using Chinese Characters in DNS Characters in CDN: Letters （ A-Z ， a- z), Digital （ 0-9 ）, “ - ”, Chinese Characters(about 20,000) Delimiter: “. ” equals to “ 。 ”, For user input convenience

Related Organization IETF: IDN WG JET (Joint Engineer Team) CNNIC 、 JPNIC 、 TWNIC 、 KRNIC 、 HKNIC 、 MONIC,etc.. (CJK) CDNC （ Chinese Domain Name Consortium ） CNNIC 、 TWNIC 、 HKNIC 、 MONIC.

Regulation and Standard Chinese Ministry of Information Industry No. [2002] 555 No. [2002] 429 IETF RFC3490 ， RFC3491 ， RFC3492 ， RFC3454

Character (or Code) Variants Character (or Code) variants refer to variants that are generated by character-by-character (or code-by-code) substitution Example, In English would be "A" or "a" In Chinese would be 飛 (U+98DB) or 飞 (U+98DE) and 機 (U+6A5F) or 机 (U+673A) Plane ：飞机，飛機，飞機，飛机

ISO/IEC (Unicode) unifies the Han Ideograph, which is used by Chinese. Japanese and Korean, CJK have its variants and language issues Nameprep did not handle these variants, therefore, there are multiple possible variants for one IDN (in CJK) Character (or Code) Variants

Solutions IDN-Admin-Guideline IDN Registration and Administration Guideline for CJK Currently IETF Draft

CDN Architecture Load Punycode Data CDN user input Convert Local encoding into Unicode IDNA Punycode encoding CDN TC/SC redundancy Data Application-CDN supported DNS serverApplication server e.g. server Web server CDN TC/SC equivalence

How it Work? registration RRP/EPP delegation resolution Registrar Registry DNS Adminisrtator DNS Server(s) IDNA Registration&Administration Guideline

CDN Current Application Input in Browser ： 中文.cn 中文.cn CNNIC CDN client Some browsers support IETF Standard Mozilla （ Netscape ） Open Source Software GNU LibIDN Others …

CNNIC CDN Client WEB Browser –CDN-> Punycode –Support Multiple IMEs –Win98, WinMe, Win2000, WinXP…. –Internet Explorer and Up –According to IETF RFC/Draft –Support username in Chinese characters –Convert in To/CC bar to Punycode, give user new experience about mail address in Chinese

Organizational Structure  Registry ： CNNIC  Maintain the central database of domain names  Administration and policy maker  Registrars ： 23+ Registrars within China  Provide customers with registration services  Agents (Resellers) ： over 2,000, authorized by the 23+ registrars

Thanks!