Monroe L. Weber-Shirk S chool of Civil and Environmental Engineering Water Supply Engineers without Frontiers

Overview ä My Stint in Honduras (Why I am interested in Water Supply) ä A few Statistics ä Our Goal(s) ä Three Proposals ä Our Partner: Water For People ä Water Supply Components ä My Stint in Honduras (Why I am interested in Water Supply) ä A few Statistics ä Our Goal(s) ä Three Proposals ä Our Partner: Water For People ä Water Supply Components

Women washing clothes

Sawing in Wall Prefab plant

Assembling Walls

Roofing the new houses

Waiting for water

Construction of water tank

Pipeline to the camp

Water in Colomoncagua

Water Supply – Global Coverage in – 25% 26 – 50% 51 – 75% 76 – 90% 91 – 100% Missing data What do the countries with the poorest coverage share?

Water Supply and Sanitation What do these statistics mean?

Treated Urban Wastewater

The Costs of Water-Related Diseases ä Two billion people are at risk from malaria alone, with 100 million people affected at any one time, and 1-2 million deaths annually ä About 4 billion cases of diarrhea and 2.2 million deaths annually: this is the equivalent of 20 jumbo jets crashing every day ä Intestinal worms infect about 10 per cent of the population of the developing world, about 6 million are blind from trachoma ä 200 million people are affected with schistosomiasis ä Two billion people are at risk from malaria alone, with 100 million people affected at any one time, and 1-2 million deaths annually ä About 4 billion cases of diarrhea and 2.2 million deaths annually: this is the equivalent of 20 jumbo jets crashing every day ä Intestinal worms infect about 10 per cent of the population of the developing world, about 6 million are blind from trachoma ä 200 million people are affected with schistosomiasis

How much would clean water cost? ä The World Bank recently estimated that US $600 billion is required to repair and improve the world's water delivery systems (UNCSD, 1999). ä Compare with proposed 2003 US military budget: $396.1 billion (annual) ä $12 billion is the total amount the US spends on helping poor countries (annual) ä 20 jumbo jets crashing every day… ä The World Bank recently estimated that US $600 billion is required to repair and improve the world's water delivery systems (UNCSD, 1999). ä Compare with proposed 2003 US military budget: $396.1 billion (annual) ä $12 billion is the total amount the US spends on helping poor countries (annual) ä 20 jumbo jets crashing every day…

Water for Health Declared a Human Right ä GENEVA, Switzerland, December 4, 2002 (ENS) - Safe and secure drinking water is a human right, a United Nations committee has declared formally for the first time. ä Water is fundamental for life and health. ä The human right to water is indispensable for leading a healthy life in human dignity. ä It is a prerequisite to the realization of all other human rights. ä GENEVA, Switzerland, December 4, 2002 (ENS) - Safe and secure drinking water is a human right, a United Nations committee has declared formally for the first time. ä Water is fundamental for life and health. ä The human right to water is indispensable for leading a healthy life in human dignity. ä It is a prerequisite to the realization of all other human rights.

The Big Goal(s): Our Objectives ä Increase the number of people who have access to (clean) drinking water ä Raise our own awareness of development issues in the Global South ä Others? ä Increase the number of people who have access to (clean) drinking water ä Raise our own awareness of development issues in the Global South ä Others?

What Can We Offer? ä Technical Expertise ä Time ä Access to Information ä Enthusiasm ä Technical Expertise ä Time ä Access to Information ä Enthusiasm

What does the Global South Have? ä Labor ä Engineers (or is there a shortage?) ä Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) working to improve living conditions ä Government agencies responsible for Water Supply ä Labor ä Engineers (or is there a shortage?) ä Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) working to improve living conditions ä Government agencies responsible for Water Supply

What does the Global South Need? ä Capital? ä Labor? ä Technical Expertise? ä Materials? ä Capital? ä Labor? ä Technical Expertise? ä Materials?

What is the Intersection? EWF volunteers have Global South needs Technical Expertise Time Access to Information Empowerment!

How could we use our ? ä Help Engineers in the Global South! ä There is a smaller cultural divide separating us from the engineers in the Global South than there is separating us from the people who need access to clean water ä The engineers who live in the Global South will continue to work with the local communities (something that we can’t easily do) ä The engineers in the Global South can help prevent us from doing harm! ä Help Engineers in the Global South! ä There is a smaller cultural divide separating us from the engineers in the Global South than there is separating us from the people who need access to clean water ä The engineers who live in the Global South will continue to work with the local communities (something that we can’t easily do) ä The engineers in the Global South can help prevent us from doing harm!

What is Required for a Successful Water Supply Project? ä Water Supply System functions as expected initially ä Requires robust, simple design using materials that can be obtained locally ä The system is maintained by local workers ä Requires a sense of ownership ä Requires adequate training (capacity building) ä Requires spending a good deal of time in the community ä Water Supply System functions as expected initially ä Requires robust, simple design using materials that can be obtained locally ä The system is maintained by local workers ä Requires a sense of ownership ä Requires adequate training (capacity building) ä Requires spending a good deal of time in the community

Project Ideas: Gravity Rural Water Supplies ä Review and optimize the design of Water For People projects ä Create a Web-based Appropriate Technology catalog ä Create a design tool ä Review and optimize the design of Water For People projects ä Create a Web-based Appropriate Technology catalog ä Create a design tool

Project Review ä Review a specific project plan to see if we can come up with any recommendations for improving the design. ä Smaller teams could investigate alternative technologies for different components of the water supply system. ä The immediate goal would be to help WFP and, of course, in the process we would learn lots about how water supply systems are built when money is very tight and the technology must be maintained with local resources. ä Review a specific project plan to see if we can come up with any recommendations for improving the design. ä Smaller teams could investigate alternative technologies for different components of the water supply system. ä The immediate goal would be to help WFP and, of course, in the process we would learn lots about how water supply systems are built when money is very tight and the technology must be maintained with local resources.

Web-Based AT catalog ä A second project could be the creation of a web based catalog of appropriate technologies for water supply. ä The goal of the catalog would be to document the technologies in sufficient detail so that an organization could use the catalog as the basis for design. ä A second project could be the creation of a web based catalog of appropriate technologies for water supply. ä The goal of the catalog would be to document the technologies in sufficient detail so that an organization could use the catalog as the basis for design.

Technology Catalog ä Examples ä UNEP ä Sustainable Village ä WaterAid ä Technology Catalog Deficiencies? ä Don’t cover Gravity Water Supply systems in detail ä Don’t seem to be designed by engineers or for engineers, but perhaps for the people who write proposals ä Examples ä UNEP ä Sustainable Village ä WaterAid ä Technology Catalog Deficiencies? ä Don’t cover Gravity Water Supply systems in detail ä Don’t seem to be designed by engineers or for engineers, but perhaps for the people who write proposals

Design Tool ä A third project could be the creation of a design tool that would take site specific data and create a design. ä Web-based? ä Spreadsheet? ä Other? ä A third project could be the creation of a design tool that would take site specific data and create a design. ä Web-based? ä Spreadsheet? ä Other?

Water For People ä Video

Water Sources ä Streams/Springs ä Higher elevation (gravity) ä Lower elevation (pumped) ä Wells ä Hand pumps ä Mechanized pumps (require motors or engines) ä Streams/Springs ä Higher elevation (gravity) ä Lower elevation (pumped) ä Wells ä Hand pumps ä Mechanized pumps (require motors or engines)

Gravity System Overview ä Spring Box ä Buried PVC pipeline ä Water storage tank with float valve ä Distribution system ä Faucets ä Optional components ä Suspended pipeline over rough terrain (PVC or galvanized) ä Pressure break tank ä Air release valves at system high points ä Spring Box ä Buried PVC pipeline ä Water storage tank with float valve ä Distribution system ä Faucets ä Optional components ä Suspended pipeline over rough terrain (PVC or galvanized) ä Pressure break tank ä Air release valves at system high points

Water Treatment ä Often not included! ä Many cities in the Global South do not have treated drinking water (Danlí, Honduras) ä Treatment technologies could include ä Slow sand filters ä Chlorination ä Point of Use or Village systems ä Often not included! ä Many cities in the Global South do not have treated drinking water (Danlí, Honduras) ä Treatment technologies could include ä Slow sand filters ä Chlorination ä Point of Use or Village systems

WFP pictures

Quotes ä Piped water supplies have achieved a good degree of technical refinement. To progress further, it may be useful to consider improved stream intake designs, open flow schemes especially for areas where freezing in winter poses a problem. Further, to ensure water quality, simple treatment system will have to be introduced.

Demand Response Approach ä The focus is on what users want, are willing to pay, and can sustain. ä The local community initiates, plans, implements, maintains, and owns the system (increasing its sense of responsibility). ä Water is treated as an economic good. ä The private sector provides goods and services. ä Local water committees, in which women play a key role, are strong (but need training). ä Full cost recovery is expected on O&M and replacement. The more users pay, the more likely a project is to be demand-driven. ä The focus is on what users want, are willing to pay, and can sustain. ä The local community initiates, plans, implements, maintains, and owns the system (increasing its sense of responsibility). ä Water is treated as an economic good. ä The private sector provides goods and services. ä Local water committees, in which women play a key role, are strong (but need training). ä Full cost recovery is expected on O&M and replacement. The more users pay, the more likely a project is to be demand-driven. E6610D9F4C B81007B1786/$file/215_Rural_Water.pdf

Link to Links ä ä

How could We be Helpful? ä Design and build a water supply system for a community that needs it ä Urge the U.S. to invest more in Water Supply in the Global South ä Raise money and donate it to an NGO that works on water supply ä Design and build a water supply system for a community that needs it ä Urge the U.S. to invest more in Water Supply in the Global South ä Raise money and donate it to an NGO that works on water supply

Organizing the project information ä Web

WFP comments on volunteers ä Our technical design work is based on standard designs developed after years of experience by local technicians. ä Construction work is the responsibility of the community as part of their contribution to the project. ä This approach is an important part of our overall model to help expand local skills and ensure long term sustainability. ä Our technical design work is based on standard designs developed after years of experience by local technicians. ä Construction work is the responsibility of the community as part of their contribution to the project. ä This approach is an important part of our overall model to help expand local skills and ensure long term sustainability.

Links ä s/ws_load.asp?file=19&style=ws_table s/ws_load.asp?file=19&style=ws_table ä Making Rural Water Supply Sustainable: Recommendations from a Global Study ( dy.pdf) dy.pdf ä Technology Catalogs: ä ä ä s/ws_load.asp?file=19&style=ws_table s/ws_load.asp?file=19&style=ws_table ä Making Rural Water Supply Sustainable: Recommendations from a Global Study ( dy.pdf) dy.pdf ä Technology Catalogs: ä ä