3 G DATA ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES

WHAT IS 3 G 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G. To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving. .

Technologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like:- GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide .And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America. 3G Technologies:- WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDO/EvDV---Multi carrier UMTS – TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code 4G Technologies:- Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Route to 3G 1G: analog 2G : 1st digital mobile telephony 2.5G: transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard: IMT 2000

THE GENERATION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES Wireless communication revolution Changing the way we live Capabilities not possible in the past In the last 30 years, we've evolved from a basic cellular phone system that only made phone calls that only very few individuals could obtain, to mobile devices that allow us to plan our day, send E-mails, take pictures, listen to music, watch video.

History of Mobile Telephony First Generation (1G) Early 1980's Analog transmissions (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) 824 - 890MHz Cellular modems Cellular Digital Packet Data (9600 bps) Family of standards Motorola MicroTAC 9800X AMPS Motorola DynaTAC 8000X AMPS

First generation:- 3.DRAWBACK OF 1G Almost all of the systems of this generation were Analog systems where voice was considered to be the main traffic. 1G wireless networks used analog radio signals. Through 1G, a voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150MHz and up as it is transmitted between radio towers. This is done using a technique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA). These systems could often be listened to by third parties. 3.DRAWBACK OF 1G 1G compares unfavorably to its successors. It has low capacity, unreliable handoff, poor voice links, and no security at all since voice calls were played back in radio towers, making these calls susceptible to unwanted eavesdropping by third parties.

History of Mobile Telephony Second Generation (2G) Early 1990's Digital AMPS Personal Communications Service 1.9GHz band; 20-70Kbps typical Utilized CDMA & TDMA Advantages Compression Less power consumption Short Messaging Service / MMS Security Disadvantages Poor signal conditions Lossy compression Motorola StarTAC

Second generation:- 2G refers to second generation wireless telecommunication technology. While its predecessor, 1G, made use of analog radio signals, 2G uses digital radio signals. Based on what type of multiplexing (the process of combining multiple digital data streams into one signal) is employed, 2G technologies may be categorized by whether they are based on time division multiple access (TDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA). Around 60% of the current market is dominated by standards. of second Generation.

TDMA-based 2G standards It includes the following: Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), used worldwide; Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (IDEN), developed by Motorola and used in the United States and Canada; Interim Standard 136 (IS-136) or Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), used in North and South America; and Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), used in Japan. IS-95, on the other hand, is CDMA-based. It was developed by Qualcomm, and is alternately known as TIA-EIA-95 or cdmaOne.

ADVANTAGES OF 2G 2G cellphone units were generally smaller than 1G units, since they emitted less radio power. Another advantage of 2G over 1G is that the battery life of a 2G handset lasts longer, again due to the lower-powered radio signals 2G also offered additional services such as SMS and e-mail. Its lower power emissions also made 2G handsets safer for consumers to use.

2G Wireless The technology of most current digital mobile phones Features includes: - Phone calls - Voice mail - Receive simple email messages Speed: 10kb/sec Time to download a 3min MP3 song: 31-41 min

2.5 Generation 2.5G, which stands for "second and a half generation," is a cellular wireless technology developed in between its predecessor, 2G, and its successor, 3G. "2.5G" is an informal term, invented solely for marketing purposes, unlike "2G" or "3G" which are officially defined standards based on those defined by the International Telecommunication (ITU). The term "2.5G" usually describes a 2G cellular system combined with General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), or other services not generally found in 2G or 1G networks.

GPRS is a service commonly associated with 2. 5G technology GPRS is a service commonly associated with 2.5G technology. It has data transmission rates of 28 kbps or higher. Improved 2G networks (GPRS) manages to support few of applications like web browsing, emailing, video streaming, Multimedia messaging service etc. therefore GPRS can also be said that it is 2.5 generation technology. GPRS came after the development of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) service, which is classified as 2G technology, and it was succeeded by the development of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS), which is classified as 3G technology.

2.5G Wireless The best technology now widely available Features includes: - Phone calls/fax - Voice mail -Send/receive large email messages - Web browsings - Navigation/maps - New updates Speed: 64-144kb/sec Time to download a 3min MP3 song: 6-9min

3G: Overview International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 850, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100 MHz bands Introduces packet-switching (sharing) Increased security Typical speeds 300Kbps - 1.4Mbps download 100Kbps - 800Kbps upload   Streaming multimedia

Third generations:- 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G. To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programmer, IMT-2000. 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment.

3G Wireless Combines a mobile phone, laptop PC and TV Features includes: - Phone calls/fax - Global roaming - Send/receive large email messages - High-speed Web Navigation/maps Videoconferencing - TV streaming - Electronic agenda meeting reminder. Speed: 144kb/sec-2mb/sec Time to download a 3min MP3 song: 11sec-1.5min

Evolution Paths 2G 2.5G 3G cdmaOne IS-95B Cdma2000 cdmaOne Cdma2000 1X IS-95A Cdma2000 1X Cdma2000 1xEV-DO TDMA Cdma2000 1xEV-DV IS-41 Core Network EDGE WCDMA GSM GPRS GSM Map Core Network 2G 2.5G 3G

STANDARDS USED IN THE 3G MOBILES ARE FOLLOWING W-CDMA also known as UMTS CDMA2000 TD-CDMA / TD-SCDMA UWC (often implemented with EDGE) DECT

CDMA basics Multiplexing - allowing multiple transmitters to send data simultaneously using the same frequency  Each transmitter assigned a unique code to distinguish its transmissions over the medium Allows for a larger bandwidth than TDMA (Time division multiple access) and FDMA (Frequency division multiple access)

CDMA analogy A room full of people speaking to each other. Methods to distinguish conversations:     Speaking one at a time: TDMA     Speaking in different pitches: FDMA     Speaking in different languages: CDMA

CDMA2000 Developed By the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Defines an Air Interface- set of protocols used between mobile units and their network A Form of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Used by over 250 Million Users world wide The first version of CDMA2000 enabled up to 100 callers to share a single 1.25 MHz CDMA channel and provided a peak data rate of 153 Kbps Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) technology increased the peak data rate  to 3.1 Mbps per channel, with the average user experiencing from 500 to 800 Kbps

UMTS Developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Projects Describes a network topology Builds on GSM Adds additional functionality Complex network structure 3 physical layer (air interface) protocols W-CDMA TD-CDMA TD-SCDMA

W-CDMA Overview Initially developed by NTT DoCoMo in the late 1990's as the 3G air interface for their FOMA network Later added to the IMT-2000 family of standards  Chosen for UMTS Most widely used UMTS air interface High service flexibility Variable data rates Connections can use multiple channels Used as basis for HSPA family of protocols

W-CDMA Technical Uses the 1920-1980, 2110-2170 MHz frequency range 'W' stands for wide band- 5MHz wide channels  Full duplex Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)  Time Division Duplexing (TDD) Uses CDMA protocol Originally was capable of speeds of 2 Mbps With HSPA, rates of 14.4 Mbps have been achieved HSPA+ yields peak rates of 58 Mbps

3G TD-SCDMA In china, more than 8 millions GSM subscribers were added in just 1 month. china’s desire to craft its own wireless vision. Chinese CATT and Siemens jointly submitted IMT-2000 3G standard based on Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access Relies on existing GSM infrastructure 1.6 MHz channel and smart antennas to yield more spectral efficiency. 5 ms frames divided into 7 slots allocated to single data only user or several slow users TD-SCDMA allows easy upgrade to GSM.

High Speed Packet Access HSPA is built on W-CDMA Software construct- requires minimal base station upgrades Provides much faster data rates 14.4 Mbps downlink and 5.8 Mbps uplink System capacity increased 5x for downlink and 2x for uplink Stands for 2 different protocols HSDPA - downlink HSUPA - uplink HSPA+ Evolved HSPA, 58 Mbps downlink 22 Mbps uplink Utilized by the iPhone

3G Capabilities Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone network 144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly over small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time video

THE EXPECTED GROWTH OF 3 G IN INDIA India is seeing an unprecedented increase in the mobile users. According of one of the latest TRAI reports released in November 2008, the total number of mobile users in India has reached 325 million. In October 2008 alone, 10.42 million new subscribers added. These figures are bound to shoot up with the launch of 3G network.

SERVICE PROVIDERS OF 3G IN INDIA Some of the major mobile players in India are BSNL mobile, Airtel mobile, Reliance mobile and Tata mobile. At one time Aircel mobile was leading the market; however, it has now lost the market share to BSNL mobile, Airtel mobile and other leading mobile players.

3G ENABLED HANDSETS IN INDIA Here are the top ten 3G phones of 2009 and their price in Indian Rupees 1. Nokia E 71 Rs. 19,700 2. Apple iphone 3G Rs. 29800 3. Samsung Pixon Rs.30999 4. Nokia N85 Rs.22,000 5. Blackberry Bold Rs 34990 6. Blackberry Storm Rs 27990 (Only available bundled with Vodafone connection) 7. LG Secret Rs. 22000 8. INQ 1 (Price not available) 9. Sony Ericsson C905 Rs.31,000 10. Samsung Omnia Rs.31,200

3G in India by mid 2009 but with spectrum curbs With the Government issuing guidelines for 3G, high speed mobile downloads and live television on mobile will finally become a reality by middle of 2009. But customers in Delhi or Mumbai may not have much to look forward to. Due to spectrum constraints, there are merely three Global System for Mobile (GSM) operators that can offer 3G services. With one slot already reserved for MTNL and the other two open for global bids, customers in Delhi and Mumbai may end up missing the 3G bus if they don’t switch operators.

ADVANTAGES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY Utilizing the Technology The Operations Utilizing the Technology Getting Info Faster Speed On Price

Utilization AT&T utilizes HSPA which yields speeds upwards of 14.4 Mbps QUALCOMM companies utilize EV-DO which yields speeds of 3.1 Mbps

DISADVANTAGES Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses Numerous differences in the licensing terms Large amount of debt currently sustained by many telecommunication companies, which makes it a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators Expense of 3G phones Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G wireless services GE

Features of 3G Key features of 3G systems are a high degree of commonality of design worldwide, compatibility of services, use of small pocket terminals with worldwide roaming capability, Internet and other multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and terminals.

3G Multimedia Applications Features of 3G that make it well suited for multimedia: Always on data transfer Multiple directional   data transfer IP datagrams High data speeds

Always-on data transfer Previous generations used time based connections 3G focused on data transfer, rather than time Ability to stay on the network More suited for internet applications Done primarily with IP based connection

Multiple directional data transfer 3G allows for sending as well as receiving packets 2G does not support sending data packets Allows for sharing content on the web Many modern apps rely on uploading data

IP datagrams Communication on the internet is done primarily using IP  3G communication can be done using IP datagrams This allows for communication directly to the web without additional translation or network complexity Mobile 3G devices look like typical end users to servers

High data speeds 3G offers speeds up to 14.4 Mbps Streaming audio (128-320 Kbps) MPEG-1 (1.2 Mbps) 2G only reached 20-70 Kbps   of data download

Outline History of Mobile Telephony 3G Overview CDMA basics CDMA-2000 & UMTS 3GPP 3G Multimedia Application Implementation of 4G LTE & WiMAX Communication Protocols Application of 4G with Multimedia Conclusion

4G: The Next Generation LTE (Long Term Evolution) Advanced, A more direct upgrade from 3G, currently a 4G candidate WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)[Available now with Clearwire and Sprint]  

Properties of 4G LTE uses 700MHz, while WiMAX uses 2.5GHz   Features of LTE and WiMAX: Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) greater bandwidth efficency along with greater reliability than 3G All IP-Core, More Multimedia friendly, videos, games, etc. seamless transition from 4G to 3G coverage areas State of the art encryption Sprint: Performance ~12 Mbps LTE 360 Mbps, WiMAX144 Mbps

Applications of 4G with Multimedia Live mobile Video Mobile Gaming Cloud based video services More interactivity with use of GPS As well as faster internet

Conclusion Multimedia will continue to be more ubiquitous in mobile devices as time goes on To keep up with the improving multimedia technologies, data rates and mobile devices will need to evolve with it There will always be a desire for higher bandwidth Market is constantly evolving, 4G is only the next step