Clean Cities / 1 COALITION NAME Propane Overview Presenter Title Date

Clean Cities / 2 About Clean Cities Mission To advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the United States by supporting local decisions to reduce petroleum use in transportation. Goal Reduce petroleum use by 2.5 billion gallons per year Replacement Reduction Elimination Accomplishments Saved nearly 3 billion gallons of petroleum since 1993 Put more than 775,000 alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) on the road Installed more than 6,600 alternative fueling stations

Clean Cities / 3 Clean Cities Coalitions Nearly 100 coalitions in 45 states 775,000 AFVs using alternative fuels 6,600 fueling stations

Clean Cities / 4 Propane Basics Three-carbon alkane gas C 3 H 8 Also known as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Colorless, odorless liquid (when stored under pressure) High octane rating Nontoxic By-product of natural gas processing and crude oil refining Accounts for 2% of energy used in the U.S. Less than 2% of propane used in U.S. used in transportation

Clean Cities / 5 Propane Basics Propane as a Transportation Fuel World’s third most common engine fuel Considered an alternative fuel under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 Mix of propane (at least 90%), butane, butylene Stored in on-board tank at psi 25% less energy than gasoline

Clean Cities / 6 Propane Basics Production of Propane Domestically produced By-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining Propane boiling point: -44º F Methane boiling point: -127º F Separated from methane through increased pressure, decreased temperature

Clean Cities / 7 Propane Basics Propane Distribution Shipped via pipeline, rail, barge, truck, or tanker ship Propane trucks distribute to end users

Clean Cities / 8 Propane Benefits Energy Security About half of U.S. petroleum imported World petroleum supplies in unstable regions Propane use diversifies U.S. energy consumption Convenience, Performance, Safety Vehicle technology well established Fueling stations widely available Extensive existing infrastructure High energy density Low flammability Puncture-resistant tanks

Clean Cities / 9 Propane Benefits Public Health and Environment Converted vehicles: o Significant reductions in particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions o Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions reduced 21-24% Manufactured propane vehicles: o Significantly lower emissions in PM, CO, No x, and total hydrocarbons.

Clean Cities / 10 Use: Propane Vehicles Vehicle Types Dedicated propane Bi-fuel Similar to Gasoline Vehicles Power Acceleration Cruising speed Driving Range Lower than gasoline vehicles Liquid propane injection engines hold promise Maintenance Costs Lower than gasoline vehicles Low oil contamination No cold-start problems Double engine life of gas engines

Clean Cities / 11 Use: Propane Vehicles

Clean Cities / 12 Use: Propane Vehicles Propane Vehicle Availability Light-duty vehicles available through Ford and GM Engines and fueling systems for heavy- and medium-duty vehicles Propane Conversions Require EPA-approved conversion Cost: $4,000 to $12,000 Reasonable payback period for fleets

Clean Cities / 13 Use: Propane Stations Getting Started Set your fleet up for success Convenience is key Infrastructure Investments Tank Pump Metering equipment Less expensive than natural gas infrastructure

Clean Cities / 14 For More Information C Clean Cities Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC)

Clean Cities / 15 For More Information Clean Cities Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) Clean Cities Coordinator Contact Information and Coalition

Clean Cities / 16 Presenter’s Name address Phone number For More Information