Wright Flyer Competition Commemorating 100 years of powered flight

Introduction The model to be made : a 1/8 scale model of the 1903 ‘Kitty Hawk’ Flyer. Presentation will cover the following topics – Design details and deviations from original design. – Power Plant Specifications – Control System Implementation – Cost Estimate and future work

Design Details Overall Specifications Component details Flight velocity estimates Engine selection

Overall Specifications Wing Span1.5 m Wing Chord0.29m Wing loading45 Nm -2 Aspect Ratio5.2 Wing planform area0.44 m 2 Take-off weight2 kgs Maximum forward speed17.0 ms -1

Wing

Wing (contd.)

Flight velocity estimates Only wing contribution to lift assumed. From dynamic similarity considerations with actual flyer and 1/8 model : m/s From vortex-lattice method for 3-D lifting surfaces (C l =0.62) :11.75 m/s Stall speed (W/S = 45 Nm -2,c L max = 0.9) V stall = 9.0 ms -1

Wing Warping mechanism

Canard

Propeller Mounting ``

Rudder

Base Plate

Take off and landing Tricycle type under carriage. Ramp assisted take off

Power Plant selection Engine selection and calculations

Engine selection c D = 0.2 (NASA’s wind tunnel data) Power requirement for level flight P R = qSVc D = BHP Choice of engine based on propeller diameter scaling.

Engine Selection RPM = 4000 Based on the above correlation and a forward speed of 16 ms -1 P R = 1.7BHP. Engine Model O.S. MAX-65LA

O.S. MAX-65LA

Engine to Propeller coupling Two props coupled to shaft via belt drive. Pulleys on prop shafts to provide reduction.

Deviations from exact scaling Minor dimensions of structural members not scaled Control strategy changed to suit servo actuation A ‘base’ plate placed on lower wing to mount engine and actuators Tricycle wheel base No. of ribs in wing reduced from 37 to 21

Control System Futaba Skysport 4VF airplane radio system Four actuator servos for control surfaces Centrally mounted on base plate Control surface coupling via piano wire

Cost Estimate Balsa + miscellaneous Rs EngineRs Fuel tankRs. 250 Silicone tubingRs. 100 Radio systemRs PropellersRs. 300 Total estimated costRs

Future Plans Mock up of thermocol Wing construction Canard, rudder and base-plate construction as also struts and frame Assembling fuel tank, r/c receiver, servos and engine on the base plate

Future Plans Attaching control servos to control surfaces Integrating wing, canard and rudder with the frame Integrating base plate with frame Testing for flight and change incorporation

What we need to know… How do we reduce the cost? Electric motor instead of IC engine What sequence should we follow in building the model? Can we test individual components separately before incorporating in the final model?

What we need to know… How do we carry out flight testing without on board power? Landing mechanism? Design for knock down