1. ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS
111305

2. PARTS OF AEROPLANE THE IMPORTANT PARTS OF AN AROPLANE WINGS FUSELAGE
EMPENNAGE
LANDING GEARS
CONTROL SURFACE
ENGINES

3. PARTS OF AEROPLANE

4. AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
1. CLASSIFICATION BY CONFIGURATION
POSITION OF THE WING
LOW WING
MID WING
HIGH WING
NUMBER OF WINGS
MONO PLANE
BI PLANE
TRI PLANE
SHAPE OF THE WINGS
DELTA WING
DIAMOND WING
SWEPT WING
GULL SHAPED WING
POSITION OF THE WINGS
CONVENTIONAL WING
NO TAIL OR TAILESS
HORIZONTAL TAIL LOCATED AOVE THE VERTICAL TAIL
CANARD TYPE

5. AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
LOCATION AND TYPE OF LANDING GEAR
RETRACTABLE
NON RETRACTABLE
TAIL WHEEL
NOSE WHEEL

6. AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
CLASSIFICATION BY POWER PLANTS
POWER PLANT TYPES
PISTON ENGINE
TURBO PROP
TURBO SHAFT
TURBO JET
TURBO FAN
ROCKET
NUMBER OF ENGINES
SINGLE ENGINE
TWO ENGINE
MULTI ENGINE
LOCATION OF THE ENGINES
NOSE
FUSELAGE
JET ENGINE SUBMERGED IN WING
PYLON MOUNTING

7. AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
TYPES OF FUSELAGE
ROUND
SQUARE
OVAL

8. AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
5. CLASSIFICATION BY PURPOSE
A. CIVIL
B. CARGO
C. MILITARY
I. BOMBERS
II. FIGHTERS
III. INTERCEPTORS

9. FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACE
PRIMARY GROUP
AILERON
ELEVATOR
RUDDER
SECONDARY GROUP
TRIM TAB
SPRING TAB
AUXILIARY GROUP
WING FLAPS
SPOILERS
SPEED BRAKES
LEADING EDGE FLAP
SLOTS

10. AILERON
Longitudinal axis extends lengthwise from the nose through the tail. Movement about the longitudinal axis is called roll.  Roll is controlled by the ailerons.

11. ELEVATOR
Lateral axis extends crosswise from wingtip through wingtip. Movement about the lateral axis is called pitch. Pitch  is controlled by the elevator.

12. RUDDER
Vertical axis passes vertically through the center of gravity (when the aircraft is in level flight). Movement about the vertical axis is called yaw. Yaw is controlled by the rudder.

13. AIRCRAFT ENGINES DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES ARE
PROPELLER WITH PISTON ENGINE
JET ENGINE
• TURBOPROP
• TURBOFAN
• TURBOJET
• RAMJET
ROCKET ENGINE

14. TURBOPROP

15. PUSHER

16. TURBOFAN

17. TURBOJET

18. TURBOJET WITH AFTERBURNER

19. ROCKET ENGINE
LIQUID FUEL
SOLID FUEL

20. AIRFOIL
AN AIRFOIL IS A SURFACE DESIGNED TO OBTAIN A DESIRABLE REACTION FROM THE AIR THROUGH WHICH IT MOVES
AIRFOIL GEOMETRY
CHORD LINE
MEAN CAMBER LINE
ANGLE OF ATTACK
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

21. FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT

22. DRAG
DRAG IS THE RESOLVED COMPONENT OF THE COMPLETE AERODYNAMIC FORCE WHICH IS PARALLEL TO THE FLIGHT DIRECTION (OR RELATIVE ONCOMING AIRFLOW).
IT MUST ALWAYS ACT TO OPPOSE THE DIRECTION OF MOTION.
IT IS THE UNDESIRABLE COMPONENT OF THE AERODYNAMIC FORCE WHILE LIFT IS THE DESIRABLE COMPONENT

23. TYPES OF DRAG

24. DRAG POLAR

25. TOPICS TO BE COVERED
Why should we study properties of
atmosphere?
Variation of Temperature with Altitude
Variation of Pressure with Altitude
Variation of Density with Altitude
Tables of Standard Atmosphere

26. Why should we study Atmospheric Properties
Engineers design flight vehicles, turbine engines and rockets that will operate at various altitudes.
They can not design these unless the atmospheric characteristics are not known.
For example,

27. What is a standard atmosphere?
Weather conditions vary around the globe, from day to day.
Taking all these variations into design is impractical.
A standard atmosphere is therefore defined, that relates fight tests, wind tunnel tests and general airplane design to a common reference.
This common reference is called a “standard” atmosphere.

28. Powered Controls May take one of two basic forms: Servo-assisted
Hydraulic pressure transmitted to servo actuator which assists mechanical linkage to move surface.
Linkage still available if power is lost but system then very heavy to operate.
Fully power-operated
Control signals transmitted hydraulically, electrically (fly-by-wire) or optically (fly-by-light).

29. AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

30. INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
THE VERY FIRST AIRCRAFT HAD LITTLE TO NO FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
ALL WEATHER FLYING WAS RISKY
NAVIGATION DEPENDED ON PILOT’S ABILITY TO USE LANDMARKS

31. AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
ENGINE INSTRUMENTS
NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTS

32. THE COMMON FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
ALTIMETER
AIRSPEED INDICATOR
VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR
HEADING INDICATOR
ATTITUDE INDICATOR (“ARTIFICIAL HORIZON”)
TURN COORDINATOR

33. AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION

34. TRUSS

35. MONOCOQUE

36. SEMI MONOCOQUE

37. THANK YOU