IN-SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING CENTER IN TOMELLOSO. SPAIN RIGA (LATVIA) MAY 2005 SPANISH EDUCATIVE SYSTEM IN SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING CENTER IN TOMELLOSO. SPAIN

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW THE PUBLIC INSTRUCTION ACT IN 1857, CALLED MOYANO ACT, IS THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE REGULATION THAT CONSOLIDATES THE SPANISH EDUCATION SYSTEM: - Church intervention in education. Consolidation of private schools (basically Catholic) - Legal promotion of students - Definitive inclusion of technical and scientific studies in secondary and post secondary education.

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW IN 1931 THE SECOND REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIMED AN A NEW CONSTITUTION WAS PREPARED: - Education, as a right for everybody, to improve quality of life. - Cost free and compulsory Primary Education. - Academic freedom and lay education - Teaching in the mother language (in regions with another language) - Improving of teachers’ initial training.

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW The political dictatorship under General Franco (imposed after the 1936 Civil War), marked a breaking point with the previous system and turned education into a mean of imposing ideology: –Education had to be Catholic and patriotic. –Many of the teachers working in the Republican Period were condemned and pursued

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW In the 60’s, economic and demographic growth, the process of industrialisation, as well as the internal tensions of the political system made a total reform of the education system. GENERAL ACT ON EDUCATION (LGE)

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW GENERAL ACT ON EDUCATION MOST RELEVANT CHARACTERISTICS: –Full generalisation of compulsory education for the whole population aged 6 to 14, in a single a non-discriminatory system. –Not only mean the extension of education but also a search for quality in education for everybody. –This Act recognises the State role in the general planning of the system and the provision of school places. –Significant presence of private teaching establishments at non-university levels –Interest in the relationships between the education system and the working market.

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW IN 1978 THE NEW DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION ALSO HAD AN IMPORTANT INFLUENCE ON THE EDUCATION SYSTEM. BASICALLY, IT RECOGNISES EDUCATION AS A MAIN RIGHT FOR EVERYBODY WITH NO KIND OF DISCRIMINATION

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW THE REFORM OF THE SPANISH EDUCATION SYSTEM SET UP BY THE 1970 ‘GENERAL ACT ON EDUCATION’ BEGINS WITH: THE 1983 ‘UNIVERSITY REFORM ACT’ (LRU). THE 1985 ‘ORGANIC ACT ON THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION’ (LODE): –Recognises the right to education –Recognises and stablishes the right to participate in school government by teachers, students, families and others.

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 1990 ‘ORGANIC ACT ON THE GENERAL ORGANISATION OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM’ (LOGSE) - Regulates and structures the whole of the system. - Compulsary education up to 16 years old. - Recognises the learning / teaching processes as the same process. - Introduces a new role for teachers - Gives importance to curricular documents in an autonomous context.

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 1970 GENERAL ACT ON EDUCATION (LGE) 1990 ORGANIC ACT ON THE GENERAL ORGANISATION OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM (LOGSE)

HISTORICAL REVIEW ORGANIC ACT FOR QUALITY IN EDUCATION. December (LOCE): Modifies some aspects regarding the 1990 General Act :

HISTORICAL REVIEW ROYAL DECREE.28TH OF MAY TO STOP AND MODIFY THE APLICATION OF THE 2002 ORGANIC ACT

OUTLINE OF THE MAIN ACTS IN THE SPANISH EDUCATIVE SYSTEM AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS

GENERAL ACT ON EDUCATION SPANISH DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION ORGANIC ACT ON THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION ORGANIC ACT ON THE GENERAL ORGANISATION OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM ORGANICA ACT ON PARTICIPATION, EVALUATION AND ADMINISTRATION ORGANIC ACT ON THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION MODIFICATION REPEAL ADAPTATION ROYAL DECREE, 28TH MAY 2004 STOP AND MODIFY

GENERAL PLAN ENFANT EDUCATION (0-6 YEARS OLD) PRIMARY EDUCATION (6-12 YEARS OLD) SECONDARY EDUCATION (12-18 YEARS OLD) UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UPPER VOCATIONAL TRAINING

ENFANT EDUCATION 0-3 YEARS OLD. ATTENDED BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES OR PRIVATE CENTERS. IT HAS AN EDUCATIONAL AND ASSISTANCE NATURE. 3-6 YEARS OLD. IT IS THE FIRST STAGE IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM. IT’S NOT COMPULSORY BUT 100% OF CHILDREN ARE IN SCHOOL

PRIMARY EDUCATION 6-12 YEARS OLD. THE FIRST COMPULSORY STAGE IN THE SYSTEM. DIVIDED INTO 3 PERIODS OF TWO YEARS EACH.

SECONDARY EDUCATION COMPULSORY SECONDARY EDUCATION. UPPER SECONDARY INTERMEDIATE VOCATIONAL TRAINING

COMPULSORY SECONDARY EDUCATION YEARS OLD. FOUR SCHOOL YEARS DIVIDED INTO TWO PERIODS. PUPILS THAT GET ALL THE STANDARDS SET GET A CERTIFICATE. PUPILS WHO DO NOT REACH THESE OBJECTIVES CAN HAVE ANOTHER CHANCE WITH ‘SOCIAL GUARANTEE PROGRAMMES’ (BASIC VOCATIONAL TRAINING)

UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION YEARS OLD. TWO-YEAR COURSE THREE MODALITIES: ARTS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES. STUDENTS GET A ‘BACHILLER DIPLOMA’ THIS ENABLES THEM TO CONTINUE THEIR STUDIES, EITHER AT THE UNIVERSITY (AFTER PASSING A GENERAL EXAM) OR IN ADVANCED VOCATIONAL TRAINING.

INTERMEDIATE VOCATIONAL TRAINING STUDENTS WHO HAVE PASSED COMPULSORY SECONDARY EDUCATION AND WANT TO WORK IN A SPECIFIC PROFESSION TWO-YEAR COURSES.

UPPER VOCATIONAL TRAINING STUDENTS WHO HAVE PASSED UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION. WHEN THEY FINISH, THEY CAN ALSO GO TO THE UNIVERSITY IN FIELDS RELATED TO THEIR STUDIES. STUDENTS WITH THIS ‘DIPLOMA’ HAVE GOT A LOT OF CHANCES IN THE WORKING MARKET

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION STUDENTS NEED TO PASS A GENERAL EXAM THREE LEVELS: –3 YEARS DEGREE –4/5 YEARS DEGREE –POST-DEGREE / DOCTORATE

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS IN THE EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION Since the Spanish Constitution was promulgated in 1978, the Spanish education system has undergone a process of transformation, with the central authorities gradually transferring functions, services and resources to the various regional authorities (the autonomous communities). All regions have now taken over the functions, services and resources of university and non-university education.

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Under this decentralised model, administration of the Spanish education system is divided between the state, the regional authorities, local authorities and the teaching centres themselves. The state reserves exclusive powers to safeguard the standardisation and substantial unity of the education system and to guarantee the basic equality of all Spaniards in the exercise of their fundamental educational rights.

EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION (1) PUBLIC EXPENDITURE (2) 32,987.3 FAMILY EXPENDITURE (3) 8,334.7 TOTAL EXPENDITURE (4) 40,719.6 % OF GDP (5) 5.5 (1)MILLION OF EUROS (2)REFERS TO ALL PUBLIC AUTHORITIES, INCLUDING UNIVERSITIES (3)ESTIMATED (4)TOTAL CONSOLIDATES EXPENDITURE (5)GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT SOURCE: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORT. LIQUIDATED BUDGETS FOR 2003