Wind Energy Supervisor: Prof. Göran Wall By Shahriar Ghahremanian Yulu Mao Yilong Zheng Huijuan Chen Setareh Janbakhsh

2 Table of contents Introduction Wind Energy Environmental aspects Wind turbines Economical Aspects and Project Development With Real Best Practice Wind Energy and its comparison

Chapter 1 content in brief Abstract Part 1 Wind resources Origin of wind World wind distribution Wind power class The Wind as a Source of Energy Part 2 The wind power in the world

4 Abstract Carbon dioxide emissions and other greenhouse gases increase the global warming. Global energy demand is growing. Conventional fossil fuels are decreasing. Renewable energy has become more and more interesting

5 Wind energy is a kind of renewable energy. It is promising for it not only can help to meet the demand of energy,but also can produce little or no pollution emissions. Now,in the world,there are more than 20,000 wind turbines installed. It has a bright future in the energy market

6 Part One Wind Resources Where doses wind come from?

7 The main drive is the sun the air above the land heats up more quickly ， the light warm air will expand and rise,causing a low pressure area,where the heavier cooler air above the water will rush into and fill with, thus creates a surface wind.

8 The world wind distribution There major wind belts doldrums near the equator; prevailing westerlies lying about 30 0 latitude; polar easterlies lying about 60 0 latitude

9 Wind power class Wind resource evaluation is a critical element especially in projecting turbine performance at a given site. The available wind energy is proportional to the cube of its speed. Furthermore, the wind resource itself is seldom a steady, consistent flow.

10 Wind Power Density is a useful way to evaluate the wind resource available at a potential site. Measured in watts per square meter, indicates how much energy is available at the site for conversion by a wind turbine. Wind speed generally increases with height above ground

11 Classes of wind power density at 10 m and 50 m

12 The table presents the speed of each wind power class. These should span two power densities. For example, Wind Power Class = 3 represents the Wind Power density range between 150 W/m 2 and 200 W/m 2. The offset cells in the first column attempt to illustrate this concept.

13 The wind as a source of energy The wind’s kinetic energy can be converted into other forms of energy. It has been widely used for special purposes in the world, generating electricity Modern wind turbines can efficiently convert wind energy into electricity.

14 Part 2 The markets of wind power The wind power in the world

15 In 2005,the global installed capacity of wind energy was 58,982 megawatts, their production making up less than 1% of world-wide electricity use. Although for most countries it is still a relatively minor source of electricity, wind power generation more than quadrupled between 1999 and 2005.

16 TOP 10 CUMULATIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY (DEC. 2005)

17 The countries with the highest total installed capacity are Germany (18,428 MW), Spain (10,027 MW), the USA (9,149 MW), India (4,430 MW) and Denmark(3,122 MW). India has thereby overtaken Denmark as the fourth largest wind market in the world. A number of other countries, including Italy, the UK, the Netherlands, China, Japan and Portugal have reached the 1,000 MW mark of installed capacity.

18 The EU is still leading the market with over 40,500 MW of installed capacity at the end of 2005, representing 69 % of the global total. In 2005, the European wind capacity grew by 18 %. Moreover, growth is now happening in a greater number of countries, including new markets such as Portugal and France.

19 The general trend shows that the EU sector is gradually becoming less reliant on a few key markets, and other regions are starting to catch up with Europe. The EU market has already reached the 2010 target set by the European Commission of 40,000 MW five years ahead of time.

20 The message from the Global Wind 2005 Report is clear: Wind energy has become a global market and it is rapidly developing into a mainstream power source in many countries of the world. It can and must play a central role in responding to the key energy challenges of our time: security of supply, climate change, increasing energy demand and volatile fossil fuel prices” Arthouros Zervos, Chairman GWEC.

21 That’s all Thank you ! Huijuan Chen