Pentateuch Deuteronomy 1-11 © John Stevenson, 2012

Title of the Book Greek Name: Deuteronomion Now it shall come about when he sits on the throne of his kingdom, he shall write for himself a copy of this law on a scroll in the presence of the Levitical priests. (Deuteronomy 17:18).

Title of the Book Greek Name: Deuteronomion Hebrew Name: ~yrIb'D>h; hL,ae Elleh HaDbarim  “These are the words” These are the words which Moses spoke to all Israel across the Jordan in the wilderness... (Deuteronomy 1:1).

Meredith Kline 1922-2007 Professor of Old Testament at Westminster Theological Seminary and Gordon-Conwell

Suzerain Treaties

Deuteronomy & the Suzerain Treaties The Preamble The Historical Prologue The Stipulations Deposit and Reading of the Covenant Witnesses Curses & Blessings

Deuteronomy 1:1 Preamble 1:6 Historical Prologue 5:1 Stipulations Ten Commandments 12:1 Related Commandments 27:1 Blessings & Cursings 31:1 Succession

Deuteronomy 1:1 These are the words which Moses spoke to all Israel across the Jordan in the wilderness, in the Arabah opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel and Laban and Hazeroth and Dizahab.

MOAB Kadesh Barnea EDOM EGYPT

Reuben Gad Mannaseh

Deuteronomy 1:2 Kadesh-barnea Horeb It is eleven days’ journey from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir to Kadesh-barnea. Kadesh-barnea Horeb

Deuteronomy 1:3-4 In the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses spoke to the children of Israel, according to all that the LORD had commanded him to give to them, 4 after he had defeated Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.

Deuteronomy 1:5-6 Across the Jordan in the land of Moab, Moses undertook to expound this law, saying, 6 “The LORD our God spoke to us at Horeb, saying, ‘You have stayed long enough at this mountain.’”

Deuteronomy 1:7 “Turn and set your journey, and go to the hill country of the Amorites, and to all their neighbors in the Arabah, in the hill country and in the lowland and in the Negev and by the seacoast, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates.”

Deuteronomy 1:8 “See, I have placed the land before you; go in and possess the land which the LORD swore to give to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to them and their descendants after them.”

A Rehearsal of the Journey 1:9-18 Appointing of leaders “I spoke to you at that time, saying, ‘I am not able to bear the burden of you alone.’” (Deuteronomy 1:9)

A Rehearsal of the Journey 1:9-18 Appointing of leaders 1:19-46 Failure at Kadesh

Deuteronomy 1:26-27 ‘Where can we go up? Our brethren have made our hearts melt, saying, “The people are bigger and taller than we; the cities are large and fortified to heaven. And besides, we saw the sons of the Anakim there.”’

Gate at Laish

A Rehearsal of the Journey 1:9-18 Appointing of leaders 1:19-46 Failure at Kadesh 2:1-25 Desert Years & a Detour around Edom

Deuteronomy 2:1 Then we turned and set out for the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea, as the LORD spoke to me, and circled Mount Seir for many days.

Kadesh Barnea EGYPT

A Rehearsal of the Journey 1:9-18 Appointing of leaders 1:19-46 Failure at Kadesh 2:1-25 Desert Years & a Detour around Edom 2:26-37 Conquests east of the Jordan Sihon of Heshbon 3:1-11 Og of Bashan 3:12-22 Portions awarded

Bashan Heshbon Ammon Moab

Thus we took the land at that time from the hand of the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, from the valley of Arnon to Mount Hermon (Deuteronomy 3:8)

A Rehearsal of the Journey 1:9-18 Appointing of leaders 1:19-46 Failure at Kadesh 2:1-25 Desert Years & a Detour around Edom 2:26-37 Conquests east of the Jordan Sihon of Heshbon 3:1-11 Og of Bashan 3:12-22 Portions awarded 3:23-29 A Request Refused

Deuteronomy 3:23-25 I also pleaded with the LORD at that time, saying, 24 ‘O Lord GOD, You have begun to show Your servant Your greatness and Your strong hand; for what god is there in heaven or on earth who can do such works and mighty acts as Yours? 25 Let me, I pray, cross over and see the fair land that is beyond the Jordan, that good hill country and Lebanon.’

Deuteronomy 3:26-27 But the LORD was angry with me on your account, and would not listen to me; and the LORD said to me, ‘Enough! Speak to Me no more of this matter. 27 Go up to the top of Pisgah and lift up your eyes to the west and north and south and east, and see it with your eyes, for you shall not cross over this Jordan.’

A Rehearsal of the Journey (1-3) Spiritual Applications (4)

Remember the day you stood before the LORD your God at Horeb, when the LORD said to me, ‘Assemble the people to Me, that I may let them hear My words so they may learn to fear Me all the days they live on the earth, and that they may teach their children.’ (Deuteronomy 4:10).

Deuteronomy 4:14 The LORD commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and judgments, that you might perform them in the land where you are going over to possess it.

Deuteronomy 4:23-24 So watch yourselves, that you do not forget the covenant of the LORD your God which He made with you, and make for yourselves a graven image in the form of anything against which the LORD your God has commanded you. 24 For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God.

A Promise for the Future

Deuteronomy 4:25 When you become the father of children and children’s children and have remained long in the land, and act corruptly, and make an idol in the form of anything, and do that which is evil in the sight of the LORD your God so as to provoke Him to anger…

Deuteronomy 4:26 …I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that you will surely perish quickly from the land where you are going over the Jordan to possess it. You shall not live long on it, but will be utterly destroyed.

Deuteronomy 4:27 The LORD will scatter you among the peoples, and you will be left few in number among the nations where the LORD drives you.

Deuteronomy 4:28 There you will serve gods, the work of man’s hands, wood and stone, which neither see nor hear nor eat nor smell.

A Promise for the Future 4:25-28 4:29-31 Judgment will come if you turn to idols and you will be driven from the land. God will remember His covenant and bring you back if you repent.

Deuteronomy 4:39 Know therefore today, and take it to your heart, that the LORD, He is God in heaven above and on the earth below; there is no other.

Deuteronomy 4:40 So you shall keep His statutes and His commandments which I am giving you today, that it may go well with you and with your children after you, and that you may live long on the land which the LORD your God is giving you for all time.

Deuteronomy 1:1 Preamble 1:6 Historical Prologue 5:1 Stipulations Ten Commandments 12:1 Related Commandments 27:1 Blessings & Cursings 31:1 Succession

Deuteronomy 5:1 Then Moses summoned all Israel and said to them: “Hear, O Israel, the statutes and the ordinances which I am speaking today in your hearing, that you may learn them and observe them carefully.”

rm;v' Deuteronomy 5:1  Shamar Then Moses summoned all Israel and said to them: “Hear, O Israel, the statutes and the ordinances which I am speaking today in your hearing, that you may learn them and observe them carefully.” rm;v'  Shamar

Toward God Toward Men The Ten Commandments No other Gods No idols God’s name is to be holy The Sabbath Respect for parents No murder No adultery No stealing No false witness No coveting

All of these Laws… Are Perfect Are Spiritual While some of them resemble laws of society, they far surpass those laws in their intent (see what Jesus had to say about the Law in His Sermon on the Mount).

All of these Laws… Are Perfect Are Spiritual Have a corresponding corollary When a duty is commanded, there is a contrary sin which is forbidden; when a sin is forbidden, there is a contrary duty which is being commanded.

All of these Laws… Are Perfect Are Spiritual Have a corresponding corollary Are not merely a moral code; they are also covenantal stipulations They contain cursing and blessing formulas interspersed throughout the commands.

You shall have no other gods before Me. Deuteronomy 5:7 You shall have no other gods before Me. Does this command acknowledge the existence of other gods?

Deuteronomy 5:7 This command forbids… You shall have no other gods before Me. This command forbids… Atheism Idolatry Materialism Spiritual carelessness Selfishness Pride Unbelief

Deuteronomy 5:8 Idolatry You shall not make for yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth. Is a form of spiritual adultery (Jeremiah 3:8-10) Is the natural outgrowth of rebellion against God (Romans 1:212-23) Idolatry

Deuteronomy 5:9-10 No middle ground You shall not worship them or serve them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, and on the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me, 10 but showing lovingkindness to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments. No middle ground

Deuteronomy 5:11 You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not leave him unpunished who takes His name in vain.

What does this command forbid? The using of the Lord’s name in a vulgar or common way. The taking of God’s name in a light or jesting way. Insincere prayer. The violation of our oaths and vows. forbid?

Deuteronomy 5:12-14 Observe the sabbath day to keep it holy, as the LORD your God commanded you. 13 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 14 but the seventh day is a sabbath of the LORD your God; in it you shall not do any work…

Exodus 20:11 Deuteronomy 5:15 For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day; therefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day and made it holy. You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out of there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the LORD your God commanded you to observe the sabbath day.

How do we observe the Sabbath today?

A respect for all authority Deuteronomy 5:16 Honor your father and your mother, as the LORD your God has commanded you, that your days may be prolonged and that it may go well with you on the land which the LORD your God gives you. A respect for all authority

The last five of the commandments are joined together with the waw conjunctive (“and”). No murder! And no adultery! And no stealing! And no bearing of false witness! And no coveting…

THE LAW Deuteronomy 5 Deuteronomy 6 Then Now

Deuteronomy 6:1 Now this is the commandment, the statutes and the judgments which the LORD your God has commanded me to teach you, that you might do them in the land where you are going over to possess it…

Deuteronomy 6:2 …so that you and your son and your grandson might fear the LORD your God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments which I command you, all the days of your life, and that your days may be prolonged.

Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! Deuteronomy 6:4 Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! laer"f.yI [m;v.  Shema Israel!

Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! Deuteronomy 6:4 Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! dx'a, hw"hy> Wnyhel{a/ hw"hy> Adonai Eluhenu, Adonai echad

Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! Deuteronomy 6:4 Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! What are the implications of this verse?

Deuteronomy 6:5 Why is this the greatest commandment? You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. Why is this the greatest commandment? “This is the great and foremost commandment” (Matthew 22:38).

Why is this the greatest Deuteronomy 6:5 You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. Why is this the greatest commandment? Because it includes every other command

Deuteronomy 6:5 You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. But whoever has the world’s goods, and beholds his brother in need and closes his heart against him, how does the love of God abide in him? (1 John 3:17).

Deuteronomy 6:6-7 These words, which I am commanding you today, shall be on your heart. 7 You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up.

Deuteronomy 6:8 You shall bind them as a sign on your hand and they shall be as frontals on your forehead.

You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates. Deuteronomy 6:9 You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.

THE LAW Deuteronomy 5 Deuteronomy 6 Deuteronomy 7 Past Present Future

Deuteronomy 7:1 When the LORD your God brings you into the land where you are entering to possess it, and clears away many nations before you, the Hittites and the Girgashites and the Amorites and the Canaanites and the Perizzites and the Hivites and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and stronger than you…

~yrIx]T; ~rEx]h; ~r;x' Deuteronomy 7:2  From the root word (charam) …and when the LORD your God delivers them before you and you defeat them, then you shall utterly destroy them. You shall make no covenant with them and show no favor to them. ~yrIx]T; ~rEx]h; ~r;x'  From the root word “Devoted” (charam)

Deuteronomy 7:3-4 Furthermore, you shall not intermarry with them; you shall not give your daughters to their sons, nor shall you take their daughters for your sons. 4 For they will turn your sons away from following Me to serve other gods; then the anger of the LORD will be kindled against you and He will quickly destroy you.

Deuteronomy 7:5 But thus you shall do to them: you shall tear down their altars, and smash their sacred pillars, and hew down their Asherim, and burn their graven images with fire.

Deuteronomy 7:6 For you are a holy people to the LORD your God; the LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for His own possession out of all the peoples who are on the face of the earth.

Deuteronomy 7:7-8 The LORD did not set His love on you nor choose you because you were more in number than any of the peoples, for you were the fewest of all peoples, 8 but because the LORD loved you and kept the oath which He swore to your forefathers, the LORD brought you out by a mighty hand and redeemed you from the house of slavery, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 7:9-10 Know therefore that the LORD your God, He is God, the faithful God, who keeps His covenant and His lovingkindness to a thousandth generation with those who love Him and keep His commandments; 10 but repays those who hate Him to their faces, to destroy them; He will not delay with him who hates Him, He will repay him to his face.

Deuteronomy 7:11 Therefore, you shall keep the commandment and the statutes and the judgments which I am commanding you today, to do them.

Land was sworn to forefathers; obey the Lord today (8:1). Deuteronomy 8 Land was sworn to forefathers; obey the Lord today (8:1). Lessons in the wilderness (8:2-6). You shall remember all the way which the LORD your God has led you in the wilderness these forty years, that He might humble you, testing you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. (Deuteronomy 8:2).

Land was sworn to forefathers; obey the Lord today (8:1). Deuteronomy 8 Land was sworn to forefathers; obey the Lord today (8:1). Lessons in the wilderness (8:2-6). The land before you is good (8:7-9). You will eat and be satisfied (8:10). Do not forget the Lord (8:11). You will eat and be satisfied (8:12). The land before you is good (8:12-14). Lessons in the wilderness (8:15-17). God swore to your fathers; remember the Lord today (8:18).

Deuteronomy 8:3 He humbled you and let you be hungry, and fed you with manna which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, that He might make you understand that man does not live by bread alone, but man lives by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of the LORD.

Led into the wilderness Israel Jesus Led into the wilderness Led into the wilderness 40 years 40 days God let them be hungry, but then fed them with manna God let Him be hungry, but then the angels came and ministered to Him Worshiped idols Refused Satan’s temptation

Jesus is the better Israel who obeyed God and who died so that we can enter the promised land.

Deuteronomy 6-9 and the Law No other gods before Me Chapter 6 Exclusive worship of the Lord No idols Chapter 7 Warning against the idols of the Canaanites Do not take the Lord’s name in vain Chapter 8 Beware lest you forget the Lord Remember the Sabbath Chapter 9 Remember what God did for you in the wilderness

Deuteronomy 9:1-2 Hear, O Israel! You are crossing over the Jordan today to go in to dispossess nations greater and mightier than you, great cities fortified to heaven, 2 a people great and tall, the sons of the Anakim, whom you know and of whom you have heard it said, “Who can stand before the sons of Anak?”

Deuteronomy 9:3 Know therefore today that it is the LORD your God who is crossing over before you as a consuming fire. He will destroy them and He will subdue them before you, so that you may drive them out and destroy them quickly, just as the LORD has spoken to you.

Deuteronomy 9:4 Do not say in your heart when the LORD your God has driven them out before you, “Because of my righteousness the LORD has brought me in to possess this land,” but it is because of the wickedness of these nations that the LORD is dis-possessing them before you.

Not because of Israel’s righteousness God is driving out the Canaanites Not because of Israel’s righteousness But because of the Canaanites’ sinfulness And because of the oath God swore

Israel’s past history of rebellion Deuteronomy 9:6 - 10:11 Israel’s past history of rebellion The Lord gave the tablets of the covenant The Israelites made a golden calf Moses interceded for Israel and for Aaron The Israelites rebelled on other occasions Moses interceded for the people God gave two replacement tablets

[r'z< Deuteronomy 10:14-15  Zera (“seed”) Behold, to the LORD your God belong heaven and the highest heavens, the earth and all that is in it. 15 Yet on your fathers did the LORD set His affection to love them, and He chose their descendants after them, even you above all peoples, as it is this day. [r'z<  Zera (“seed”)

So circumcise your heart, and stiffen your neck no longer. Deuteronomy 10:16 So circumcise your heart, and stiffen your neck no longer. How does one do this?

So circumcise your heart, and stiffen your neck no longer. Deuteronomy 10:16 So circumcise your heart, and stiffen your neck no longer. Moreover the LORD your God will circumcise your heart and the heart of your descendants, to love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, so that you may live (Deuteronomy 30:6).

Deuteronomy 11:8 You shall therefore keep every commandment which I am commanding you today, so that you may be strong and go in and possess the land into which you are about to cross to possess it…

Deuteronomy 11:9 …so that you may prolong your days on the land which the LORD swore to your fathers to give to them and to their descendants, a land flowing with milk and honey.

Deuteronomy 11:24 Every place on which the sole of your foot treads shall be yours; your border will be from the wilderness to Lebanon, and from the river, the river Euphrates, as far as the western sea.

Deuteronomy 11:26-28 See, I am setting before you today a blessing and a curse: 27 the blessing, if you listen to the commandments of the LORD your God, which I am commanding you today; 28 and the curse, if you do not listen to the commandments of the LORD your God, but turn aside from the way which I am commanding you today, by following other gods which you have not known.

Deuteronomy 11:29 It shall come about, when the LORD your God brings you into the land where you are entering to possess it, that you shall place the blessing on Mount Gerizim and the curse on Mount Ebal.

Deuteronomy 11:31-32 For you are about to cross the Jordan to go in to possess the land which the LORD your God is giving you, and you shall possess it and live in it, 32 and you shall be careful to do all the statutes and the judgments which I am setting before you today.