COMPARATIVE JUDAISM Reform Judaism Conservative Judaism Neo-Orthodox Judaism.

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Presentation transcript:

COMPARATIVE JUDAISM Reform Judaism Conservative Judaism Neo-Orthodox Judaism

Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism A – History Started between 1810 and 1820 Started by Israel Jacobson Popularized by Abraham Geiger who expanded Jacobson’s ideas Israel Jacobson

Reform Judaism A – History – Why did it start? Many Jews were converting to Christianity 10% in Germany, 50% in Berlin Only option was to be Orthodox or convert Reform was a new option Reform let Jews participate in a secular culture and still be Jewish Abraham Geiger

Reform Judaism B – Torah God and Humanity interact with each other Ongoing process Individual must decide which commandments are meaningful to follow

Reform Judaism C – God Concept of God up to the individual God ranges from a “puppet master” to a “force”

Reform Judaism D – Services A lot of music (first time instrumental music since destruction of 2 nd Temple.) Mostly in English Shorter service than Conservative or Orthodox

Reform Judaism D – Services continued Men and women sit together Rabbi or Cantor may be male, female, gay, or heterosexual Boys and girls may read Torah Both become a bar/bat mitzvah Men and boys choose whether to wear kippah and/or tallit

Reform Judaism E – Shabbat Choose whether to observe Shabbat May use electricity Kabbalat Shabbat is a “Revised version”

Reform Judaism F – Women’s role Egalitarian – women and men are viewed as equal

Reform Judaism G – Intermarriage Rabbis may perform intermarriage It’s going to happen – we can’t stop it Need to make sure interfaith couples feel welcome and can still celebrate Judaism Patrilineal and Matrilineal descent Either parent may be Jewish and the children are Jewish.

Conservative Judaism

Conservative Judaism A – History Founded by Zecharias Frankel Middle of 19 th Century Thought Jews needed a middle road between Orthodox and Reform Zecharias Frankel

Conservative Judaism B – Torah God wrote the Torah The Torah changed as it was copied and recopied Only the community as a whole, (the rabbis) can make changes The community determines which laws people follow

Conservative Judaism C – God It is up to the individual, however God is definitely an active presence

Conservative Judaism D – Services Music is mostly not permitted Men and women sit together Service is mostly in Hebrew Rabbi or Cantor may be male or female Women and girls may read Torah Both may become a Bar or Bat Mitzvah

Conservative Judaism E – Shabbat Shomer Shabbas (keeping Shabbat) May only drive to attend services

Conservative Judaism F – Women’s Role Women and men are viewed as equal

Conservative Judaism G – Intermarriage Rabbis will not perform an intermarriage Matrilineal descent only

Neo-Orthodox Judaism

Neo-Orthodox Judaism A – History Founded in the mid 1800’s Samson Raphael Hirsh Knew Judaism had to change But only within strict guidelines set by Torah

Neo-Orthodox Judaism B – Torah Everything in the Torah is written by God Nothing can be changed

Neo-Orthodox Judaism C – God God is a force who can influence or act upon humanity

Neo-Orthodox Judaism D – Services Men and women sit separately Services are all in Hebrew They include every prayer Only boys may read Torah Only male Rabbis Rabbis do not face the the congregation while leading prayers

Neo-Orthodox Judaism E – Shabbat Shomer Shabbos (Strictly keeps Shabbat)

Neo-Orthodox Judaism F – Women’s Role To focus on the home and family Prepare Shabbat dinner Keep kashrut

Neo-Orthodox Judaism G – Intermarriage Rabbis will not perform intermarriage Matrilineal descent only