Metals Electrons in the outer shell are very unstable. Atoms are packed together in a regular pattern. Packed so tightly that some of the electrons become detached from their atoms. Free electrons move around between the spaces of the atoms.

METAL IONS ELECTRONS

‘SEA’ of electrons

Good Conductors Electrons carry a negative charge. Metal atoms carry a positive charge. Now have more protons than electrons; HENCE Strong attraction between the positive and negative charges  arrangement held closely together.

Metals conduct electricity When a current is passed through a metal the electrons move towards the positive charge

Metals conduct heat

Properties Malleable – Can be hammered into shapes. Due to the closely packed arrangements; layers of atoms slide over each other. Ductile – Drawn into wires

Uses of Metals Group I Metals – Low melting points. – Very soft. – Low density. – Can be used to strengthen other metals. – Used in batteries

Group 2 Metals – Less reactive – Magnesium can be used in fireworks. – Also can be used in engines in combination with other metals. – Less dense than steel or aluminium. – Does not burn easily in large chunks. Uses of Metals

Transition Metals – Most widely used in industry and everyday life. – Hard, shiny and dense. – Good conductors of heat and electricity. – Malleable and ductile Iron, cobalt and nickel → Magnetic Uses of Metals

Copper – Water pipes, water tanks, wiring. Zinc – Zinc coated tanks. Tungston – Filaments in lightbulbs. Stainless Steel – Radiators Cobolt – in the form of an alloy found in razor blades. Cast iron – gates, old pots. Platinum – catalytic converters. Uses of Metals

ALUMINIUM

COPPER

Gold, Silver and Platinum

Uses of Ionic and Covalent Compounds