HOW TO DO IPM Self-Guided Module Introduction to IPM Lesson 4 of 4

2 1. Explain basic pest monitoring, inspecting and reporting. 2. Identify pest-conducive conditions and pest- vulnerable areas. Identify corrective actions. 3. Identify key pest groups and signs of pest infestations in buildings and on grounds. 4. Explain how to keep pests out of facilities. Learning Objectives

6. Key Elements of Monitoring What is monitoring?  Monitoring is ongoing pest data collection, e.g., sticky insect traps. Why monitor?  Measure pest population levels, detect problems early before they become serious and can also indicate direction of pest travel. 3

4 Key Elements of Inspection and Monitoring Pest Entry Points Effective door sweeps and seals can reduce pest entry up to 65%

Inspection involves the regular observation and recording of:  The physical condition of buildings and grounds.  Assessment of pest conducive conditions including sanitation and exclusion.  Detection of pest damage and pest signs Key Elements of Inspection

Insect Trap 6 Insect monitors work 24-7 and help you identify type, number and direction of travel for pests.

Key Elements of Reporting Recordkeeping is important because it:  Allows information to flow easily and accurately from one employee to another.  Allows IPM Coordinators to identify trends in pest populations.  Includes inspection and monitoring results, pest complaints and pest site applications. 6. 7

7. Pest Conducive Conditions Food – deny pests access.  Clean-up food spills immediately.  Restrict food consumption to designated areas.  Seal stored food in pest-proof containers.  Restrict drinks other than water to indoor cafeteria areas.  Maintain dumpsters and keep surrounding areas clean and free of debris.  Detailed, deep cleaning of Pest Vulnerable Areas including kitchens, cafeterias, food storage rooms and trash handling areas and equipment. 8

7. Water – deny pests required moisture.  Repair plumbing leaks.  Keep flooring, machinery surfaces dry.  Ensure rainwater drains away from buildings.  Repair leaky valve boxes.  Monitor hot water heaters for leaks.  Ensure air-conditioning condensate does not pool in drop ceiling tiles or attic areas.  Repair roof leaks. 9 Pest Conducive Conditions Under optimum conditions some mosquito species can develop from eggs to adults in 4 days

Pest Conducive Conditions: Moisture and Mold 10 Moisture can lead to mold.  Mold has the potential to cause health problems. Some building occupants, particularly those with allergies or respiratory problems, may report adverse health problems.  Too much exposure to mold may cause or worsen conditions such as asthma, hay fever or other allergies. Moldy Ceiling Tiles

11 Shelter – deny pests harborage and access.  Seal cracks, crevices and holes around wall penetrations on external surfaces.  Prune plants three feet away from buildings.  Create a 12-inch perimeter around building foundations.  Ensure door sweeps and weather stripping provide a tight seal around entryways. Pest Conducive Conditions

12 Cockroaches live in and feed on cardboard boxes. Unpack all cartons and store supplies neatly on shelves. Wire rack shelving allows food debry to fall to floor, 6 inch height on bottom shelf allows easy clean and inspection. Shelter – Before and After Problematic Excellent

Check In You receive a large shipment of materials. What do you do? A) Leave packages in a storage area until materials are ready to be used. B) Unpack and recycle cardboard boxes. C) After unpacking keep the boxes for use storing items. 13

11. □ Ants □ Cockroaches □ Flies (fungus gnats, house flies, drain flies, fruit flies, etc.) □ Mice and rats □ Spiders (recluse, sac, aggressive house) □ Termites □ Bed bugs and head lice □ Stored product pests (spider beetles, flour moths, Indian meal moths, flour beetles, grain beetles, granary weevils, rice weevils, etc.) Pest Groups in Buildings 14

11. □ Pigeons and sparrows □ Small mammals (feral cats and dogs, bats, skunks, foxes, raccoons, rodents, etc.) □ Snakes □ Turf, ornamental and tree insects □ Disease vectors (ticks and mosquitoes) □ Stinging/venomous arthropods (spiders, scorpions, bees, wasps, stinging ants, stinging caterpillars, etc.) □ Nuisance pests (flies, crickets, cockroaches) □ Weeds □ Plant diseases Pest Groups of Grounds 15

12. Physical evidence of pest presence: □ Rodent droppings and grease marks (oil smudges where rodent fur rubs surfaces). □ Cockroaches, ants, spiders, beetles or other crawling pests caught in sticky monitoring traps. □ Flies caught in UV light traps. □ Ant, bee and bird nests. Signs of Infestation 16 Ant Hill

Keep Pests Out 17

8. Rapid Review- Entryways for Pests □ Doorways □ Windows □ Openings around pipes □ Areas around fans, air conditioners and building ventilation outlets □ Exterior lighting □ Roof flashing □ Window wells □ Keep exterior doors shut. □ Make sure door thresholds and door sweeps are sealing properly. □ Seal plumbing and electrical penetrations through walls. □ Make sure screens are the correct size and in good repair. □ Position exterior lights away from building to shine on building without drawing insects to entryways. Entryways for PestsStrategies 18

8. □ Classrooms □ Gymnasiums, Locker Rooms □ Restrooms □ Hallways □ Offices □ Library/Computer Room □ Multipurpose Room/Auditorium □ Allow food and beverages only in designated areas. □ Don’t overwater indoor plants. □ Eliminate standing water and water- damaged materials. □ Store animal feed in sealed containers and clean cages regularly. □ Empty trash cans daily. □ Periodically clean out lockers and desks. □ Vacuum carpeted areas. Common Use RoomsStrategies 19 Rapid Review- Common Use Rooms

8. □ Dining Hall/Cafeteria □ Food Storage Rooms □ Kitchen □ Dishwashing Room □ Teacher’s Lounge □ Vending Machines □ Remove trash daily. □ Place screens on vents, doors, windows and floor drain baskets in floor drains. □ Clean up all food spills immediately. □ Fix any leaky plumbing. □ Promptly clean food preparation equipment after use. □ Seal cracks and crevices. □ Remove paper, cleaning, and food supplies from cardboard boxes; put boxes out for recycling. Food Preparation and Serving Areas Strategies 20 Rapid Review- Pest Vulnerable Areas

Check In Which is the best way to keep pests out? A. Do not allow outdoor recess. B. Pest-proof buildings and constantly inspect for opportunities to exclude pests. C. Keep windows closed at all times, even if they are fitted with screens. 21

Time to Review! 22 In this video you will see team members from University of Nebraska- Lincoln help a school implement an IPM program. Click hereClick here to watch the video and see the steps you just learned in action!

Check In! In this lesson you learned: 1.Explain basic pest monitoring, inspecting and reporting. 2.Identify pest-conducive conditions and pest- vulnerable areas. Identify corrective actions. 3.Identify key pest groups and signs of pest infestations in buildings and on grounds. 4.Explain how to keep pests out of facilities. Congratulations, you’ve completed the Introduction Module! 23

Resources  Hurley, J. & Merchant, M. (2013). Pest Management In and Around Structures. eXtension Indoor and Outdoor School IPM Strategies. Retrieved from  Illinois Department of Public Health. (1994). Integrated Management of Structural Pests in Schools. Retrieved from  New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. (2013). New Jersey school Integrated Pest Management Program, Compliance and Enforcement. Retrieved from  University of Nebraska, Lincoln Extension. (2006). An Introduction to Integrated Pest Management. Retrieved from  University of Nebraska, Lincoln Extension. (2011). How to Conduct IPM in Schools. Retrieved from 24