Prehistoric Cultures Tim Roufs’ section Prosimians

http://www. d. umn. edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html#Prosimii

Classification chart (after Linnaeus) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 96

Primate taxonomic classification Prosimians (pre-monkeys) Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Taxonomy Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris tarsier Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris tarsier Anthropoidea

Taxonomy Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)

(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate S.E. Asia and Indonesia

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126 Borneo Indonesia Java Indonesia and Borneo Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate S.E. Asia and Indonesia sharp-clawed digits old fossil forms show flattened nails some are nocturnal about the size of a squirrel approximation of earliest phase in the evolution of primates

Pen – Tailed Tree Shrew, Borneo The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 20

Taxonomy Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur

Primate taxonomic classification Lemur Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Geographical distribution of modern lemurs Madagascar Geographical distribution of modern lemurs Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar size and appearance of a raccoon independently moveable ears mostly nocturnal approximate midpoint between insectivores and monkeys widespread during Eocene, and is of interest because of little change since Eocene (36-58 million yrs. B.P.) most digits have flat nails rather than claws has uneven body temperature

(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar p. 125 The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 12

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125 Ring-tailed lemur p. 125 Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

Sifakas in their native habitat in Madagascar p. 125 Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

p. 125

p. 125 Lemur, Madagascar

p. 125

Taxonomy Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris

Primate taxonomic classification Loris Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Loris Malaysia, S.E. Asia

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126 Malaysia Malaysia Java Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

Loris Malaysia, S.E. Asia nocturnal large eyes feeds largely on insects, birds, and bird’s eggs strong hands backbone has more vertebrae than any other primate

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 29 Loris, Malaysia The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 29

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126 Slow loris Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

Taxonomy Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris bush baby

Galago, or “bush baby” (Lorisiforme) p. 126 Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

Taxonomy Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris tarsier Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris bush baby tarsier

Primate taxonomic classification Tarsier Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Tarsier North central Indonesia

Geographical distribution of modern tarsiers Borneo Indonesia Java Geographical distribution of modern tarsiers Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

Tarsier North central Indonesia extreme development of tarsal bones smaller than lemur, about the size of a rat small nose, large goggly eyes at least 25 genera in Eocene times (36-58 million yrs. B.P.) today there is only one arboreal nocturnal 180 degree head swivel

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 23 Tarsier, Indonesia The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 23

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126 Tarsier p. 126 Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

Primates Earliest primates = Prosimians (pre-monkeys)

Primate taxonomic classification Prosimians Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64 A Primate Family Tree The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64

New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys ca. 50 mya

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123 Next: Monkeys Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123