 ENERGY

ENERGY  THE ABILITY TO DO WORK AND OR TRANSFER HEAT.

WORK  THE ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY A FORCE TO A MOVING OBJECT.  WORK=FORCE X DISTANCE

WORK  WORK IS DONE ON AN OBJECT WHEN AN OBJECT IS FORCED TO MOVE Dodge.com

TYPES AND FORMS OF ENERGY

TYPES OF ENERGY  POTENTIAL  KINETIC

POTENTIAL ENERGY  ENERGY AT REST  NOT DOING WORK OR TRANSFERRING HEAT

POTENTIAL ENERGY

FreeFoto.com

POTENTIAL ENERGY gaspumpheaven.com

KINETIC ENERGY  ENERGY OF MOTION  ENERGY IN USE

KINETIC ENERGY FreeFoto.com

SWING PHYSICS HOW DOES ENERGY CHANGE AS YOU SWING? POTENTIAL VS. KINETIC ENERGY

SWING PHYSICS  a3F7oaRJOw a3F7oaRJOw

SWING A B B

KINETIC ENERGY FreeFoto.com

KINETIC ENERGY Coloradorunner.com

FORMS OF ENERGY  CHEMICAL  ELECTRICAL  MECHANICAL  HEAT  RADIANT (LIGHT)  NUCLEAR

CHEMICAL FreeFoto.com

ELECTRICAL ENERGY FreeFoto.com

MECHANICAL ENERGY FreeFoto.com

HEAT ENERGY FreeFoto.com

LIGHT ENERGY FreeFoto.com

LIGHT ENERGY FreeFoto.com

NUCLEAR ENERGY FreeFoto.com /

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS  ENERGY CAN NOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED.  IT CAN ONLY CHANGE FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER.

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS  ANY TIME ENERGY CHANGES FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER SOME OF THE ENERGY IS LOST AS HEAT.  ENERGY CONVERSIONS ARE NOT 100% EFFICIENT.

PROFESSOR WALTER LEWIN’S PENDULUM  lZMg6Q lZMg6Q

BOWLING BALL PENDULUM  1OlDpA 1OlDpA

NEWTON’S CRADLE  OyEQ8 OyEQ8

GIANT NEWTON’S CRADLE  =mFNe_pFZrsA&feature=endscreen =mFNe_pFZrsA&feature=endscreen

MYTH BUSTERS NEWTON’S CRADLE  =BiLq5Gnpo8Q&feature=endscreen =BiLq5Gnpo8Q&feature=endscreen

MYTH BUSTERS CONTINUED OuA-znVMY3I

ENTROPY TTHE THERMODYNAMIC MEASURE OF DISORDER AA SYSTEM TENDS TO BECOME DISORDERLY TTO MAINTAIN ORDER ENERGY MUST BE USED

 TO KEEP YOUR ROOM CLEAN YOU MUST USE ENERGY TO PICK UP AND ORGANIZE  TO MAINTAIN A CAR THE OIL MUST BE CHANGED, TUNE UPS, SPARK PLUGS REPLACED, FLUIDS TOPPED OFF OR REPLACED, ETC.

FOOD CHAIN  90% OF THE ENERGY IS LOST AS HEAT AT EACH STEP OF A FOOD CHAIN

STATIC ELECTRICITY  THE BUILD UP OF ELECTRONS ON THE SURFACE OF AN OBJECT.

AN ATOM

ATOMIC PARTS  ELECTRON= NEGATIVE  PROTON= POSITIVE  NEUTRON= NO CHARGE. eia.doe.gov

PERIODIC TABLE 5 ATOMIC NUMBER B ATOMIC SYMBOL ATOMIC MASS

ATOMIC TERMS  ATOMIC NUMBER: Number of protons  ATOMIC MASS: Number of protons + neutrons  ION: Atom with a charge  ISOTOPE: Atom with a different number of neutrons

STATIC ENERGY  Rubbing a balloon on a wool sweater creates charges on the surfaces

GAINING OF ELECTRONS O

OPPOSITES ATTRACT  O O - +

STATIC ELECTRICITY

VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR mos.org

Van De Graaf Generator

BILL NYE STATIC ELECTRICITY  77IzaXGcg 77IzaXGcg

VAN DE GRAPH GENERATOR  43MSw8 43MSw8

STATIC DOG  phqmyqdY phqmyqdY

STATIC ELECTRICITY BOSTON MUSEUM OF SCIENCE LLPKxk7ym7g

LIGHTNING

STATIC ELECTRICITY Alaska.net

CURRENT ELECTRICITY  THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS THROUGH A CONDUCTOR.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

BATTERIES  STORED ELECTRICITY All-Battery.com

BAGDAD BATTERY BCE 250 smith.edu

ELECTRON SHELLS  First: 2 electrons  Second: 8 electrons  Third: 18 electrons  Fourth: 32 electrons  Fifth: 50 electrons ***HAVING A COMPLETE OUTER ELECTRON SHELL MAKES THE ATOM MORE STABLE.

ELECTRON SHELLS web.jjay.cuny.edu

ZINC ATOM chemicalelements.com NEEDS TO GAIN OR LOSE 30 2

COPPER ATOM chemicalelements.com

CARBON ATOM chemicalelements.com

BATTERY FUNCTION  A BATTERY HAS A CATHODE WHICH TENDS TO ACCEPT ELECTRONS TO BE MORE STABLE AND AN ANODE WHICH TENDS TO GIVE UP ELECTRONS TO BE MORE STABLE AND ELECTROLYTE PASTE WHICH TRANSFERS MOST OF THE ELECTRONS BACK TO THE ANODE WHEN A CIRCUIT IS COMPLETE

CIRCUIT  A CONDUCTOR WHICH CONNECTS A PATHWAY BETWEEN THE CATHODE (+) AND ANODE (-) wikipedia.org CATHODEANODE

WET CELL BATTERY /lemcellguard.com/battery

DRY CELL BATTERY wikipedia.org

MERCURY BATTERY wikipedia.org

POTATO BATTERY

SIMPLE POTATO BATTERY pbskids.org/zoom/activities

500 POUND POTATO BATTERY latteier.com/potato

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIRING SERIES PARALLEL cosmology.berkeley.edu

PARALLEL AND SERIES PARALLEL: SAME POWER LONGER TIME SERIES: MORE POWER SAME TIME

CURRENT ELECTRICITY orkneypics.com

SO WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? aecl.ca/kidszone

ELECTRICITY  THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS THROUGH A CIRCUIT  CAN BE USED TO DO WORK  CAN BE TRANSFORMED INTO MECHANICAL, RADIANT, SOUND AND HEAT ENERGY

GALVANOMETER  A device that detects the flow of electricity

ELECTROMAGNET  AN ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH A WIRE FORMED A MAGNETIC FORCE  AN ELECTROMAGNET CAN BE SHUT OFF

 TO BUILD A STRONGER ELECTROMAGNET USE: MORE WIRE IN THE COIL A MORE POWERFUL SOURCE OF ELECTRONS

MAGNETISM  A FORCE BY WHICH MATERIALS ATTRACT OR REPEL OTHER MATERIAL  FORMED BY AN ELECTRIC CURRENT (ELECTROMAGNETISM) OR THE SPIN OF ELECTRONS (PERMANENT MAGNETS)

MAGNETIC FIELD Wikipedia.com

MAGNETIC FIELD eia.doe.gov THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF A BAR MAGNET

MAGNETOSPHERE www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov

LIKE MAGNETIC CHARGES REPEL/ OPPOSITES ATTRACT eia.doe.gov

GENERATOR  A GENERATOR IS A DEVICE THAT TURNS MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY  THE PARTS ARE A COIL OF WIRE A MAGNET

GENERATOR eia.doe.gov

GENERATOR AA MECHANICAL FORCE MOVES THE WIRE COIL OR THE MAGNET CAUSING THE ELECTRONS OF THE WIRE TO MOVE

 TO MAKE A GENERATOR WORK A MECHANICAL FORCE IS USED  TO MAKE A STRONGER GENERATOR USE: A MORE POWERFUL MAGNET MORE WIRE IN THE COIL A MORE POWERFUL MECHANICAL SOURCE

TURBINE  A DEVICE USED TO SPIN A PART (MAGNET OR COIL) OF THE GENERATOR  THE TURBINE CAN BE MOVED BY: FLOWING WATER WIND STEAM

FLOWING WATER  ADVANTAGES: LITTLE POLLUTION ‘FREE’ SOURCE DISADVANTAGES COSTLY TO BUILD MUST BE ON A RIVER AFFECTS FISH MIGRATION