Bellwork: Standard Get out your South America Map (Need one? See Ms. J) Finish labeling 13 countries We will go over together Done with South America? Have you done your Unit One Title Page?

Bellwork, Honors Homework out on desk, ready to be checked ▫ South America Map ▫ Unit One Title Page Bellwork Question: Choose one thing from Unit One that you’d like go review/relearn. Use index card.

Agenda, Honors Bellwork: HW Check, Unit One review Unit Two Overview Notes: Layers of the Earth HW: Cartoon Strip

Agenda Bellwork: Check Homework/Finish Tutoring Roll Call Notes: Layers of the Earth HW: Color/Label Layers of the Earth Reminders: Map Quiz on South America next Wednesday, Unit 1 &2 Test (NINE WEEKS EXAM) on Oct 7th

Layers of the Earth Inside of Earth made up of four layers: ▫ Crust ▫ Mantle ▫ Outer Core ▫ Inner Core

Layers of the Earth

Crust: ▫ Surface Layer ▫ Thinnest Layer ▫ Two types:  Continental  Oceanic ▫ The entire earth has oceanic crust but only land has continental AND oceanic

Layers of the Earth Mantle: ▫ Layer of magma (molten rock) ▫ Magma has a slow circular pattern due to difference in heat  Hotter closer to the core  Causes convection pattern ▫ Hot, 1600 degrees F at top, 4000 degrees F near the core

Layers of the Earth Outer Core: ▫ Made of liquid nickel and iron ▫ Temps range from degrees F ▫ When Earth rotates, liquid spins creating Earth’s magnetic field Inner Core: ▫ Solid nickel and iron ▫ More than 9000 degrees ▫ Center of Earth

Bellwork – Match the properties to the layer of the Earth (you will have multiple letters per layer) 1. Inner Core 2. Outer Core 3. Mantle 4. Crust A. solid rock (granite, limestone) B degrees F C. solid metal D. continental and oceanic E. molten rock F. liquid iron and nickel G. convection patterns H. Innermost layer I. Outermost layer J degrees F

Agenda Bellwork: Review Layers of the Earth, Check HW Notes, Plate Tectonics Video Clip, Plate Tectonics HW: Arrows

Layers of the Earth

Tectonic Plates: Earth’s Crust is broken into very large sections called plates Convection patterns from mantle cause plates to move slowly (1cm a year) Movement causes “tectonic activity”

Layers of the Earth Types of Plate Movement: ▫ Convergent ▫ Divergent ▫ Transform

Layers of the Earth Convergent Boundaries: Earth’s plates move towards each other, converging (crashing) into each other Cause subduction zones (areas where a plate goes under another) Creates Mountains, Islands, Volcanoes

Layers of the Earth Divergent Boundaries: Plates moving away from each other, creating wide gaps in Earth’s continental crust Ex: Atlantic Ocean created this way Creates “Rift Valleys”

Layers of the Earth Transform Boundaries: ▫ Plates move side by side ▫ Cause earthquakes

Homework: Arrow Chart Plate BoundaryDirection of Movement Result

Bellwork – Match the property to the movement of boundaries. 1. Convergent Boundary 2. Transform Boundary 3. Divergent Boundary A. Move apart B. Move Side by Side C. Move towards each other D. Where two plates meet E. Causes Earthquakes F. Causes Mountains G. Causes Rift Valleys H. Is causing the Atlantic Ocean to widen I. Caused Hawaii to form J. California gets hit hard K. Biggest on land is in Africa

Agenda Bellwork: Review Plate Boundaries, Check HW Notes: Continental Drift, Fault Lines Explore Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis Reminder: Map Quiz on Wednesday, Unit ½ Test Oct 7 th (FALL BREAK Oct 8 th -12!)

Layers of the Earth Continental Drift: ▫ Theory that the continents used to all be one large continent, Pangea ▫ As plates moved, continents spread apart

Layers of the Earth Sudden releases of Earth’s energy at the crust are called earthquakes Occur at Fault Lines If an earthquake occurs at the oceanic crust, causes a tsunami, or wave of water Memphis on the New Madrid Fault Line

Ring of Fire Area around the Pacific Plate with significant seismic activity 452 volcanoes 75% of all the world’s active volcanoes in this area

Volcanoes Video: Volcanoes 101 Land of Fire and Ice

Earthquakes Measured with Magnitude system = ▫Richter Scale Seismic Waves = waves of Earth’s energy Videos: ▫Earthquake 101Earthquake 101 ▫Inside EarthquakesInside Earthquakes

Tsunamis Tidal waves caused by underwater seismic activity in the ocean (earthquakes, volcanoes) Tsunami Asian Tsunami

December 26, 2004 Earthquake off the coast of Sumatra caused by subduction, 9.1M Waves up to 100 ft high Hit hardest in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand Over 230,000 killed

Haiti Earthquake Interactive Website January 12, M at epicenter 52 aftershocks Est 230,000 died, 300,000 injured