Wireless: Solution for high-speed Internet access in regional Queensland Presenter: Mr. Huan Pham (PhD student) Supervised by Dr. Bill Lavery James Cook.

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Presentation transcript:

Wireless: Solution for high-speed Internet access in regional Queensland Presenter: Mr. Huan Pham (PhD student) Supervised by Dr. Bill Lavery James Cook University

Internet Access Platforms Twisted pair Coax/Fibre Optical Fibre Wireless Cable modem Tel modem ISDN xDSL FTTH Fibre ring MMDS LMDS Satellite

Internet xDSL modem ISDN adapter Telephone modem Exchange ISP Twisted Pair

Twisted Pair Capacity ä Telephone modem l < 64 Kbit/s (for download, lower for upload) ä ISDN Basic l 128 Kbit/s, (bi-directional) ä xDSL l Symmetrical or Asymmetrical l Maximum download rate from 1.5 Mbit/s to 50 Mbit/s depending on the technology and distance. Upload rate for asymmetrical case: dozens Kbit/s l Distance limit: < 5 km from CO or Remote access terminal l Access capacity not shared by other users.

Coax/Fibre cable Internet Cable Modem ISP NIU Fibre Node Cable Modem NIU Fibre Node Coaxial Cable Optical Fibre

Coax/Fibre Capacity l Downstream up to 30 Mbit/s l Upload up to 10 Mbit/s l Bit rate is shared among subscribers passed by coax cable. --> bit rate/user is lower

Wireline advantages/disadvantages ä Advantages l Potentially offer very high bit rate l More reliable (less affected by noise, interference, weather conditions) ä Disadvantages l High up-front investment in cabling, environment issues, permission to lay cable... l Much higher cost per user in low population density areas l Higher deployment time l Monopoly by cabling companies

Wireless Options ä MMDS (and other WLL operating at MHz) ä LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Services) ä Satellite ä Mobile

MMDSMMDS Main transmitter Repeater Internet Point of Presence

MMDSMMDS ä Frequency 2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz (in Australia) ä Line of sight transmission ä Not vulnerable to rain ä Maximum coverage distance = 50 km ä Normally one way - telephone cable return ä Two-way MMDS is more costly and limited by available bandwidth ä Bandwidth is shared among all (online) users ä Frequency reuse can be made by using n-sector antennas, and/or cellular layout (the latter is subject to ACA regulation)

MMDS Capacity Assumptions: MMDS Channel:6MHz Modulation scheme:QAM-64 Customer peak offered rate:400 (Kbit/s) Statistical multiplexing gain:5 User time online:20% Capacity: Number of users (one sector): Number of users (four sectors): 4 x 2000 = Mbit/s

Other Frequency Options ä 2 x 150 MHz frequency at 3.4 GHz band. (this is to be auctioned later this year) ä Unlicensed frequency band at 2.4 GHz and 5GHz

LMDSLMDS ä Frequency: 28 GHz ä Strict line-of-sight transmission ä Signal absorbed by rain ( See Signal in Rain graph )Signal in Rain graph ä Cellular layout. Cell size (<5 km) mainly depends on: l transmitter power l modulation scheme l rain rate l required availability ä Frequency reuse made possible by l n-sector antennas l cellular layout l cross-polarisation transmission

LMDS Capability Assumptions Bandwidth2x75 (MHz) Modulation schemeQAM-16 Frequency reuse factor/cell: 4 Cell size (square):5(km) x 5(km) Capacity Bit rate / cell:400 (Mbit/s) (able to support about 1000s online users, peak rate a couple of Mbit/s) Bit rate / km 2 :16 Mbit/s/km 2 ~100 Mbit/s each way

LMDS Hexagon layout Frequency reuse factor = 4 Frequency reuse factor = 3

LMDS Square Layout Frequency reuse factor = 1 Frequency reuse factor = 2 Frequency reuse factor = 4

SatelliteSatellite Web server Internet Satellite ISP

Satellite Capability ä Satellite operates at C-band (4-8GHz) or Ku-band (12- 18GHz) which is affected by weather condition. ä Large coverage areas, virtually anywhere. ä It’s difficult to apply frequency reuse. Thus it offers limited bit rate/user. ä Commonly available with one-way Internet access, return via telephone modem. Typically 400Kbit/s download ä Suits non real-time applications l Suitable for areas where other options are not available

SummarySummary ä Advantages of Wireless over Wireline l Scalability l Lower up-front investment l Fast deployment time l Ability to bypass the incumbent Telco. ä Limitations l Limited bandwidth l Affected by noise, interference, weather conditions l Latency of satellite systems limit real-time applications ä The advantages make them suitable for low density population areas in regional Queensland such as Townsville & Carne.

Current Research Current Research ä Performance of TCP over wireless and... ä How to facilitate QoS (Quality of Service) over wireless link

Questions?Questions?

Thank you! The End

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