Howard Gardner’s: Theory of Multiple Intelligence [Frames of Mind-1983]

What is Intelligence? Traditional Definition: “Intelligence is a uniform cognitive capacity people are born with. This capacity can be easily measured by short answer tests. Webster’s Definition: “The Power of knowing, the ability to understand and/or deal with new situations.”

What is Multiple Intelligence? According to Howard Gardner, a psychologist and professor at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education, “An intelligence is the ability to solve problems or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings.” The question is not “How smart am I?” but rather “How am I smart?”

Features of Multiple Intelligence He claims that human beings have multiple intelligences. Each individual has 9 intelligences in varying amounts These intelligences are located in different areas of the brain. They either work independently or together. These MI can be nurtured and strengthened or ignored & weakened. We can improve education by addressing these multiple intelligences of our students.

How intelligences develop: Nature (Genetics) Nurture (Environment) Culture (Values)

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences: Verbal/ Linguistic Visual/ Spatial Logical/ Mathematical Musical/ Rhythmic Bodily / Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic Existential

Linguistic Intelligence                                                                                                                                 

~*Linguistic Intelligence*~ Gardner's Definition: Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart) is the capacity to use language, your native language, and perhaps other languages, to express what's on your mind and to understand other people. People with high linguistic intelligence are good at reading, writing, telling stories and memorizing words with dates.

Linguistic intelligent people learn best by: Book reporting Telling jokes Writing words Reading Journal writing Speaking Letter writing Storytelling Discussing Creative writing Debating Persuading

Careers Writer Lawyer Journalist Philosopher Poet Politician Teacher Radio Announcer Translator Lawyer Philosopher Politician Orator Actor Curator

Visual - Spatial Intelligence

What is spatial intelligence? Spatial intelligence (Picture Smart) is the capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly. People with high visual-spatial intelligence have the ability to visualize with mind’s eye. They have the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined area.

Spatial intelligent people learn best by: Brochures Collages Designs Drawings Flow Charts Mapping Molding Clay Patterns Painting Photography Posters Sculpting Visualizing Idea Sketching Labeling

Careers Advertising Architect Cartographer(Map Maker) Drafter Engineer Fine Artist Graphic Designer Fashion Designer Interior Designer Inventor Painter Photographer Pilot Sculptor Surveyor Urban Planner

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Logical-mathematical intelligence (Logic Smart) is the capacity to use numbers effectively and reason well. People with this intelligence think by reasoning, and they love experimenting, questioning, figuring out logical puzzles, and calculating. They are able to identify a problem and solve it right there on the spot.

Mathematical Intelligent people learn best by: Analyzing Categorizing Formulas Logic Games Numbers Outlining Patterns Problem Solving Reasoning Time Lines Synthesis Sequencing Rational Thinking Scientific Thinking Venn Diagrams Statistics

Careers Economist Logicians Mathematician Physicist Scientist Statistician Technician Careers Accountant Engineer Doctor Banker Businessperson Computer Analyst Computer Programmer Science/Math Teacher

Musical Intelligence

What is Musical Intelligence? Musical intelligence (Music Smart) is the ability to create and appreciate tunes and rhythm. Musically intelligent people are able to distinguish the sounds around and can make their own melodies.

Musical Intelligent People learn best by: Sing Ballads Create Chants Create Concept Songs Discographies (lists of musical selections to enhance what you are learning or teaching.) Environmental Sounds Humming Illustrate With Sounds Rhythms Instrumental sounds Listening Lyrics Mood Music Music Composition or creation Musical concepts Musical Performance Percussion and Raps Reproduce sounds and rhythms Singing and Songs

Careers Advertising Agent Conductor Disc Jockey Film/Instrument Maker Composer Music Teacher Sound Engineer Music Therapist • Song Writer • Performing Musician • Piano Tuner • Singer • Musical Theater Actor/ Actress • Studio Engineer • Instrument Manager • Rapper

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

What is Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence? Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence (Body Smart) is an expertise in using one’s whole body to express ideas and feelings. It is the ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skillfully. People with high bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence have total body control, sense of timing, a clear sense of the goal of a physical action, an ability to train responses to become reflexes.

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence Thinking through physical sensations Love Dancing Running Jumping Building Touching Gesturing Need Role play Drama Movement Things to build Sports and physical games Tactile (touchable) experiences Hands-on learning

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligent People best learn by: Acting Charades Collections Demonstrations Experiments Field Trips Gymnastics Impersonations Inventing Martial Arts Miming Puppetry Visiting Exercise

Careers Surgeon Actor Mechanic Athlete Mime Carpenter P.T. Teacher Physical Therapist Soldier Forest Ranger Actor Athlete Carpenter Choreographer Craftsman Dancer Police Officer

Interpersonal Intelligence

Interpersonal Intelligence Interpersonal intelligence, (people smart), is understanding other people. Capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others. People with high inter-personal intelligence tend to be extroverts, sensitive to other’s moods, feelings, temperaments and motivations. 

Interpersonally intelligent people learn best by: Giving feedback to the teacher or to classmates Understanding other's feelings Person-to-person communication Cooperative learning strategies Receiving feedback Group projects Teaching someone else something new Learning from someone outside of school Other points of view Creating  group rules Acting in a play or simulation Conducting an interview Creating "phone buddies" for homework Sensing others’ motives

Careers Public Relations Salesperson Administrator Anthropologist School Principal Sociologist Therapist Teacher Travel Agent Religious Leader Psychologist Administrator Anthropologist Arbitrator Counselor Manager Nurse Personnel Director Politician Social Worker

Intrapersonal Intelligence Capacity to be self-aware (Self Smart) and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes. This intelligence includes having an accurate picture of oneself (one’s strengths and weaknesses); awareness of inner moods, intentions, motivations, temperaments, and desires; and the capacity for self-discipline, self-understanding, and self-esteem. Essentially, it’s how well you know yourself.

Intrapersonal Intelligent People learn best by: *Autobiography *Awareness of Personal Feelings *Concentration *Expression of Feelings *Focusing *Free-Choice Time *Goal Setting *Higher-Order Thinking and Reasoning *Independent Studies Projects *Mood Awareness and Shifting *Personal Application * Personal Priorities *Personal Projection *Sensing the Emotions of the Moment *Self –Identification *Thinking Strategies

Careers • Clergyman • Entrepreneur • Program planner • Psychiatrist • Psychology Teacher • Philosopher • Theologian • Researcher • Spiritual Counselor • Psychologist

Naturalistic Intelligence Ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature. People with high naturalistic intelligence (Nature Smart) are extremely sensitive to nature, nurturing and relating information to one’s natural surrounding.

Naturalistic Intelligent people learn best by: Relating to the environment Day to day experiences Working in open atmosphere Studying about nature and environment Outdoor Exploration Science Experiments Field Trips

Careers Naturalists Farmers Gardeners Environmentalists Biologists Environmental activists Anthropologists Geologists

Existential Intelligence Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence such as the meaning of life, why do we die and how the world came into being(deep question smart).

Caution for Educators ! No intelligence is better than another Avoid categorizing students Don’t teach everything in all 8 ways Try to include each intelligence in each unit or group of lessons Adjust ways of assessing

Questions to Ponder: What does it mean to be a multiple intelligence teacher? How can I do a better job at teaching to diverse intelligences? What are my strongest and weakest intelligences? What are my goals? Will this benefit my students and how?

Qualities of an Effective MI Teacher: Communicative Committed Compassionate Creative Dependable Ethical Flexible Knowledgeable Motivational Organized Positive Patient Personable Perceptive Resourceful Sense of Humor

an enjoyable learning experience! THANK YOU! Hope you had an enjoyable learning experience! Prepared By: NAJMA KAZI Email: najmakazi@gmail.com