INDEX History Mission Vision Strategy Institutions Reform and Renuwal Six strategies Financial Products and Services President Projects for Turkey Structure of World Bank

Main Qs:What is World Bank? World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs.

History of World Bank The World Bank is established December of 27,in 1944 engaged during World War II at Bretton Woods which is an area within the town of New Hampshire in USA, the it helped to rebuild the Europe after the war. World Banks issued its first loan to France which’ amount was $250 million , in 1947 for post-war reconstruction. Reconstruction has remained an important focus of the Bank's work, given the natural disasters, humanitarian emergencies, and post-­conflict rehabilitation needs that affect developing and transition economies.

Mission World Bank’ mission is reducing the poverty around the world. The Bank itself is bigger and complex.

VISION Across the globe citizens are demanding accountability and transparency from their governments. And access to information and technology through mobile phones and social media are multiplying opportunities for citizens to provide feedback—transforming the way we do development. This fast changing global environment is forcing the development community to adapt—to do development differently. It’s no longer only about finance. It’s about transparency in government, access to the latest global knowledge, and using innovative ways to solve development challenges. 

STRATEGY The World Bank Institute (WBI) supports the World Bank’s operational work and its country clients in this rapidly changing landscape by forging new dynamic approaches to capacity development.

INSTITUTIONS

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) aims to reduce poverty in middle-income countries and creditworthy poorer countries by promoting sustainable development through loans, guarantees, risk management products, and analytical and advisory services. Established in 1944 as the original institution of the World Bank Group, IBRD is structured like a cooperative that is owned and operated for the benefit of its 188 member countries. IBRD raises most of its funds on the world's financial markets and has become one of the most established borrowers since issuing its first bond in 1947. The income that IBRD has generated over the years has allowed it to fund development activities and to ensure its financial strength, which enables it to borrow at low cost and offer clients good borrowing terms.

The International Development Association (IDA) provides interest-free loans—called credits— and grants to governments of the poorest countries. It has 172 member countries.

The International Finance Corporation(IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institution focused exclusively on the private sector. We help developing countries achieve sustainable growth by financing investment, mobilizing capital in international financial markets, and providing advisory services to businesses and governments. It has 184 member countries.

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) was created in 1988 as a member of the World Bank Group to promote foreign direct investment into developing countries to support economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve people’s lives. MIGA fulfills this mandate by offering political risk insurance (guarantees) to investors and lenders. It has 177 member countries.

The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) provides international facilities for conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes. It has 159 member countries.

REFORM and RENEWAL Since then, the Bank Group has made much progress. All five institutions have been working - separately and in collaboration - to improve internal efficiency and external effectiveness. Clients report to be broadly pleased with the changes they see in Bank Group service levels, commitment, deliveries, and quality.

Two Institutions, One Mission World Bank is a unique partnership to reduce poverty and support development. World Bank includes two institutions managed by 188 member countries: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The IBRD aims to reduce poverty in middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries, while IDA focuses exclusively on the world’s poorest countries. These institutions are part of a larger body known as the World Bank Group.

STRATEGIC THEMES Six strategic themes drive the Bank’s work, focusing on the poorest countries, fragile and conflict-affected states, the Arab world, middle-income countries, global public goods issues, and delivery of knowledge and learning services At the World Bank, It has made the world's most pressing development issue — to reduce global poverty — our mission. World Bank focus on achieving the Millennium Development Goals, which call for the elimination of poverty and sustained development. These goals provide World Bank with targets and yardsticks for measuring results.

The Poorest Countries Problems: Many of the UN's Millennium Development Goals for 2015 seem out of reach for the world's poorest countries. An estimated 1.4 billion people survive on incomes of $1.25 or less a day. Rising food prices threaten to increase hunger and malnutrition, while climate change is affecting agriculture, the mainstay of most people in poor countries. Communicable diseases, especially HIV/AIDS and malaria, are widespread. Many of the poorest countries in Africa are landlocked and lack reliable electricity, hampering the development of business and trade. What World Bank is Doing: The World Bank Group has funding to help the poorest countries through its International Development Association (IDA). World Bank give an importance on fighting hunger and malnutrition, particularly through better agricultural productivity. It is encouraging regional integration and helping develop infrastructure: power, water, transport, and information and communications technologies. To produce faster results, IDA is undertaking joint programs with International Finance Corporation (IFC), the World Bank Group's lead agency for private sector development, as well as with other nonprofit organizations.

Post-Conflict and Fragile States Problems: Many of the world's poorest countries have faced a vicious cycle of conflict and poverty. Some 80 percent of the 20 poorest countries have suffered a major war in the past 15 years, bringing extraordinary suffering to their people and often affecting the larger region. Peace can also be fragile: Countries emerging from war face a 44 percent chance of relapsing within five years. Even with rapid progress on economic recovery, it can take a generation or more just to return to prewar living standards. What World Bank is Doing: Helping prevent conflict and support reconstruction remains a critical part of the World Bank's global mission of poverty reduction; in fact, World Bank was first founded to support reconstruction after World War II. The World Bank Group is working with many partners, including donor trust funds and the United Nations, to offer more responsive, flexible and comprehensive solutions in difficult environments.

Middle-Income Countries Problems: Middle-income countries are still home to most of the world’s poor people, often with a heavy concentration in specific regions or ethnic groups. These countries are generally creditworthy and have some access to financial markets, but they face constraints in mobilizing the funds they need to invest in infrastructure and essential services. They also need help to reform policies and institutions in ways that improve the investment climate. What We're Doing: The World Bank Group is working to meet middle-income countries’ specific needs with tailored assistance that draws on an array of competitive financial products and knowledge and learning services. These countries are also increasingly important partners in our work to address critical cross-border and global issues, such as clean energy, trade integration, environmental protection, international financial stability and the fight against infectious diseases.

Global Public Goods Problems: Global public goods are aspects of development that reach across borders: Examples include the environment, public health, international trade and financial infrastructure. Actions are often needed that extend beyond what market systems or individual countries can do on their own -- developing new vaccines, for instance, and reducing carbon emissions to address global warming. What World Bank is Doing: The World Bank Group is helping spur multilateral action and global partnerships involving governments, nonprofit organizations and socially responsible corporations. It’s work on global public goods focuses on the environment, especially climate change; controlling communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS and malaria; preventing and mitigating crises in international financial systems; and promoting an open, multilateral trade system.

The Arab World Problems: The Arab world has strong potential for growth and development, but it remains poorly integrated into the global economy apart from the oil sector. It has the highest unemployment among developing regions, as well as the lowest economic participation by women. The region’s poor and rich countries alike suffer from such problems as water scarcity, lack of economic diversity, weak public accountability, and conflict. What World Bank is Doing: The World Bank Group, in close cooperation with the League of Arab States, has established the Arab World Initiative (AWI), a partnership to foster effective collaboration in the interests of economic integration and knowledge sharing among the countries of the Arab world. The initiative focuses on three key pillars: Human Development and Improving the Quality of Education, Infrastructure Projects, and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development. These pillars are detailed on the corresponding Arab World Initiative website, featuring the latest data, research, multimedia and documentation about efforts in the Arab world.

Knowledge and Learning Problems: Poor and developing countries seek the World Bank Group’s expertise as much as they seek its financial assistance. As clients, they increasingly expect integrated solutions to address their particular needs. To become more economically competitive, they need data to benchmark their progress. More than ever, in-depth analysis of local challenges and practical experience gathered from around the world form the groundwork for sustainable development. What World Bank is Doing: The World Bank Group is committed to remaining the premier source of development knowledge through reports, data and analytical tools, conferences, and the Internet. World Bank is enhancing our capacity to share this knowledge globally and are helping build partnerships and expertise in client countries. World Bank is have moved toward an open data platform, making our Web-based information more accessible and interactive, and improving the focus and depth of its learning and capacity-building programs.

Financial Products and Services World Bank provides low-interest loans, interest-free credits, and grants to developing countries. These support a wide array of investments in such areas as education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture, and environmental and natural resource management. Some of World Bank’s projects are financed with governments, other multilateral institutions, commercial banks, export credit agencies, and private sector investors.

President World Bank’s president is Jim Yong Kim who is a Korean-American physician and anthropologist who has been the 12th President of the World Bank since July 1 2012. He was President of Dartmouth College from 2009 to 2012. He was formerly the Chair of the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and a co-founder and executive director of Partners in Health.

Projects World Bank has a lots of projects in different sectors, regions and about environmental factors. At any given moment in locations around the globe, people are engaged in development projects designed to improve living standards and reduce poverty. In FY11(Financial year 2011), the World Bank provided $46.9 billion for 303 projects in developing countries worldwide, with our financial and/or technical expertise aimed at helping those countries reduce poverty.

Some of the projects separated by themes are below: Economic management Public sector governance Rule of law Financial and private sector development Trade and integration Social protection and risk management Social dev/gender/inclusion Human development Urban development Rural development Environment and natural resources management

TURKEY Turkey is also upper middle-income country; projects, poverty and equities. Turkey is one of the largest middle-income partners of the World Bank Group (WBG).  With a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $735 billion, Turkey is the 18th largest economy in the world. In less than a decade, per capita income in the country has nearly tripled and now exceeds $10,000. Turkey has made considerable advances in competitiveness over the past decade, moving ahead 16 spots to number 43 in the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index for example. During this time Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has grown from just over $1 billion to an average of $13 billion in the past five years.

TURKEY Gross National Income per capita(current US$) in 2010 is $9,890 and in 2011 is $10,410 . Gross Domestic Product growth (annual % ) in 2010 is 9.2% and in 2011 is  8.5% . Population ,total (millions) is in 2010 72.8 and in 2011 73.6 Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) is 1.3% in 2010. Inflation is 6.4 % in 2011 and 6.16 in 2012.

Summary lending data comprising total approved, disbursed and undisbursed amounts together with borrower obligation (outstanding & overdue amounts) of all current IBRD loans as of the date indicated. Amounts are rounded to billions of US$ equivalent converted as of the date indicated. Current loans include loans that have not been fully repaid, terminated or cancelled. The original principal amount is $21,228,831,000.00, the disbursed amount is $17,994,205,448.39, Undisbursed amount is $1,348,595,559.70 and finally borrower’s obligation is $12,910,026,285.39.

The Structure of World Bank ( IDA & IBRD ) In this chart we can say that world bank has   both Multidivisional  and Geographical structure . Also we can say that it has a Hybrid structure.

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