Rhetoric Native American Speeches By: Nathan Moran, Jill Sumner, and Jordan Verbinnen

“This Sacred Soil” - Chief Seattle (1854)

Historical Background/Summary: “This Sacred Soil” Historical Background/Summary: Hereditary leader of the Suquamish Tribe Speech in response to the purchasing of Native American land by the U.S. Directed towards President Franklin Pierce Relationship between people and earth Denies the selling of the land

Rhetorical Devices Personification Hyperbole Kenning “Yonder sky that has wept tears of compassion upon my people” Hyperbole “His brave warriors will be to us a bristling wall of strength” Kenning “paleface” “Red Men”

Appeals Ethos Pathos Logos “My words are like the stars that never change. Whatever Seattle says, the great chief at Washington can rely upon with as much certainty as he can upon the return of the sun or the seasons.” -Chief Seattle Pathos “Grim fate seems to be on the Red Man’s trail.” “The white man will never be alone.” “The white man’s God cannot love our people.” Logos “Day and night can not dwell together.”

SPAM Speaker Chief Seattle Purpose - The Indian Chief Speaking about the oppression of his people - Represents the Indian society as a whole - The natives are being pushed off of their land by the settlers unfairly Purpose - White Men consider themselves as “brothers” with the natives - the Indians are pushed off of their land and killed by the settlers unfairly - Wonders why God is punishing them - Pathos and Ethos Audience The White American Generals and their troops Medium Speech (Outside venue)

“I Will Fight No More” - Chief Joseph (1877)

“I Will Fight No More Forever” Historical Background/Summary: Surrender Speech after the Battle of the Bear Paw Mountains The Nez Perce people were driven from their lands into Canada by U.S. soldiers Chief Joseph was tired of seeing his people killed, scared, and living in poverty Fed up with the U.S. attacking his people Lists reasons for exhaustion and surrendering

Rhetorical Devices Epistrophe Personification Paradox (Oxymoron) “Looking Glass is dead. Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead.” Personification “My heart is sad and sick. From where the sun now stands” Paradox (Oxymoron) “I will fight no more forever” (title) It is the young men who say no and yes

Appeals Ethos Pathos Logos A chief is speaking so he has rank “The little children are freezing to death.” “I want to have time to look for my children.” “Maybe I shall find them among the dead.” Logos “My heart is sad and sick.”

SPAM Speaker Chief Joseph - Native American chief - Cares about his people and his society Purpose - Surrendering speech - Sympathizer to the American Settlers - Expresses his feelings of the brutality of his people Audience The “White Men” a.k.a. American Settlers Medium Speech (Outside venue) - the speech was also presented in a letter form - eventually the speech was published in a U.S. magazine

Class Themes American Voice Relationship of Nature and Mankind The Indians speak out against the American government Relationship of Nature and Mankind Early Encounters of America

Quiz (Hint: Chief Seattle- “Sacred Soil”, Chief Joseph- “I Will Fight No More Forever”) What, historically, is going on during the time of the speeches? (What is happening to the Native Americans?) How does the time period affect what the Native Americans are talking about? How does Chief Seattle feel toward the white man’s good? Chief Seattle uses many similes; explain how they help his speech be more effective. Chief Joseph uses epistrophe; how does it affect the speech?