1. Flight of the Nez Perce By: Matthew Russo, Tyler Bagnick, Kylie Emerson, Emily Levinson

2. Conflict In 1877, President Ulysses S. Grant opened the Nez Percé homeland to white settlement. In addition, the U.S. government demanded that all roaming Nez Percé bands promptly move onto a different reservation. A minor event that sparked conflict was when a group of young Nez Percé warriors took part in a murderous raid of nearby settlers by the Salmon River. This led to a U.S. raid on the Nez Perce Indians.

3. Conflict On June 17, a force of 300 Indians beat off the soldiers at White Bird Canyon in Idaho. This was an impressive death toll made by the Indians, but they still had to flee because of the size of Howards full army. The “Flight” was a remarkable attempt to escape by the Indians. The Indians traveled more than 1,700 miles while outmaneuvering 10 units of pursuing U.S. soldiers.

4. Ending Conflict The Indians were eventually found and attacked on September 30 th at the Bear Paw Mountains in Montana, after stopping to rest. The Indians put up a fight with the U.S. troops, a battle that lasted five days. Joseph and his band surrendered.

5. Escape route made by the Nez Perce

6. Chief Joseph Was born in the Wallowa Valley. Chief of the Nez Perce, was also known as “Joseph the Elder”. He was responsible for the safety of women and children, and he valued the horse herd. Led the Nez Perce into many battles and led their attempted escape.

7. Brigidier General Oliver O. Howard Known as “Christian General” due to his religious policy making decisions. Promoted higher education for freedman during the reconstruction era. Howard commanded troops in the West, conducting a famous campaign against the Nez Perce tribe.

8. Western Settlement The removal of the Nez Perce tribe gave white settlers a great opportunity to own land. This new land would be good for fishing and hunting.

9. Political Influence Political pressure from the Northwest caused the Nez Perce to be exiled to Indian Territory. In 1885, some of the Nez Percé were allowed to move onto the Lapwai Reservation in Idaho. Overall, many think that the U.S treatment of the Natives was and always will be cruel and wrong. So many tribes were unfairly removed from their homes in order for white settlement.

10. Work Cited http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1549.html http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/chi efjoseph.htm http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/chi efjoseph.htm http://www.critfc.org/member_tribes_overview/nez- perce-tribe/ http://www.critfc.org/member_tribes_overview/nez- perce-tribe/