SHOWCASE OF ISTANBUL IN URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT

CONTENT Turkey and Istanbul IMM and Istac ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY CONTENT Turkey and Istanbul IMM and Istac Overview of Solid Waste Management Facilities and Activities Projects

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY TURKEY Being located at the crossroads of Asia, Europe and Africa, makes Turkey one of the most geopolitically strategic countries of the world. Turkey is linked to the oceans through the Black Sea, the Aegean and the Mediterranean seas. The Black Sea opens up to the world through the Bosphorus, the Dardanelles and the Marmara Sea.

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY TURKEY Turkey is a member of a variety of international organizations such as the ; United Nations, Council of Europe, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, World Trade Organization (WTO), Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization and it is also continuing accession negotiations for full EU membership.

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Istanbul is one of the biggest cities in the world with 12 million population and 5.400 km2 area. Istanbul is the only metropolis which is like a bridge between two continents. 32 district municipalities, 41 sub-district municipalities and 171 village are serviced. According to new regulations, there will be 39 district municipalities in Istanbul. It has 4.600 km main road and 450 km coastline.

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY History Istanbul is the one of the oldest city in the world and it was the capital city of Rome Empire between 330-395, Byzantium Empire between 395-1204 and 1261-1453, Latin Empire between 1204-1261 and lastly Ottoman Empire between 1453-1922. The city that begins to have a new structure with the promulgation of Rebuplic in 1923 is now one of the numbered commercial and culture capitals of the world.

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY IMM works for making Istanbul a leader, high quality of life city, by claiming the unique heritage of Istanbul that is the apparent face of Turkey and the window that is opened to the world. ISTAC Co. ISTAC Co., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Protection and Waste Material Recycling Production and Trade Co., is one of the economic enterprises of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. As the name denotes, ISTAC Co. within the scope of Solid Waste Project of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, provides services for production of compost, recycling, land filling, biogas to energy generation, medical waste management and incineration, cleanliness of sea, seaside and main roads.

Main Tasks of the Organizations ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Main Tasks of the Organizations of IMM Main Tasks of the Organizations Department of Environment Protection and Control Responsible for Management of Directorates Directorate of Environment Protection Control of Construction Waste Control of Excavated Waste Control of Noise Pollution Control of Industrial Emission Management of Hazardous Waste Directorate of Waste Management Control of Domestic Waste Control of Landfill Areas Control of Composting Plants Control of Medical Waste Directorate of Sea Services Control of Water Course Directorate of Park and Gardens Control of Public Gardens Control of Sidewalks Control of Childerens’ Playground Control of Supplying the Equipments for Public Green Areas Directorate of Cemeteries Control of Exequies

Overview of Solid Waste Management ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Overview of Solid Waste Management General Position of Turkey As a result of urbanization more urban solid waste production that has to be managed. To release the wastes to receiving media unregisteredly is a problem during the period of urbanization. On the other hand, municipalities carry out the services with a limited capacity and possibilities during this period. In Turkey, there are not standardization and any methods in waste collection. Waste pochettes, containers, vehicles are different in every part of Turkey. Recovery is not on the intended level. Land filling is generally assimilated all over Turkey because of its low investment and operational cost and the content of our waste which is highly organic. Only one medical waste incineration plant (in Istanbul). Composting is applicable in some parts of Turkey but there are still some administrative and technical problems. Lack of informing of municipality administrators about solid waste management.

Overview of Solid Waste Management ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Overview of Solid Waste Management General Position of Turkey According to the results of Municipality Solid Waste Statistics Questionnaire of the year 2004 which was administered by TÜK (Turkish Statistical Institute, TURKSTAT), the amount of solid waste collected was 12,3 million tons in the summer of 2004 and 11,9 million tons in the winter of 2004, with an annual amount of 24,2 million tons. According to these results, the average daily solid waste quantity per capita was 1,34 kg in average.

Overview of Solid Waste Management ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Overview of Solid Waste Management Municipal Solid Waste Indicators for 2001-2003

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategic Plan Compliance With The EU Environmental Legislation Thousand tons Total Solid Waste Landfill Incineration Composting Waste Collection Center Recycling Street Collector With “Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategic Plan Compliance With The EU Environmental Legislation” Istanbul solid waste management strategies and aims are determined until the year 2023.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES

CURRENT SOLID WASTE PLANTS OF IMM ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY CURRENT SOLID WASTE PLANTS OF IMM

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN ISTANBUL Operation of 7 Solid Waste Transfer Stations Transferring of Solid Waste to the Landfills Sanitary Land filling Electricity Generation from Landfill Gas Treatment Plants for Leachate Management of Medical Wastes Composting and Recovering of Organic Wastes Mechanical Sweeping Cleaning of Main Squares and Arterial Roads Sorted Waste At Their Source Put Into Blue Litter Bags Sustainable Management of Istanbul Local Electronical Waste Project (SMILE) Temporary Storage of Battery Waste

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES SOLID WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 1.500 Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.140 Number of Platform : 5 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :25 km Number of Trucks (Semi) : 11 BARUTHANE TRANSFER STATION Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.500 Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 1.650 Number of Platform : 10 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :44 km Number of Trucks (Semi) : 71 HEKIMBASI TRANSFER STATION Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.500 Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.920 Number of Platform : 10 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :42 km Number of Trucks (Semi) : 20 YENIBOSNA TRANSFER STATION Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 1.500 Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 960 Number of Platform : 10 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :46 km Number of Trucks (Semi) : 37 K.BAKKALKOY TRANSFER STATION Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.500 Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.965 Number of Platform : 10 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :41 km Number of Trucks (Semi) : 20 HALKALI TRANSFER STATION Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.500 Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 1.550 Number of Platform : 10 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :53 km Number of Trucks (Semi) : 76 AYDINLI TRANSFER STATION

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES Solid waste amounts that is transferred from stations to the landfills in 2007: European Side Total 2.862.950 tonnes Asian Side Total 1.462.325 tonnes

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES Sanitary Landfill European Side 9.000 tonnes/day Asian Side 4.000 tonnes/day IMM has started to serve at Kömürcüoda Sanitary Landfill in Asian Side and Odayeri Sanitary Landfill in European Side since 1995 to dispose of the household solid waste. Approximately 14.000 tonnes solid waste is stored each day in the landfill sites which are as large as 250 football fields. Europe (Odayeri) Total area : 75 ha Used Area : 60 ha Total Storage: 28 million ton Asia (Kömürcüoda) Total Area : 89 ha Used Area : 40 ha Total Storage: 14 million ton

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES Sanitary Landfill Landfill areas are isolated from groundwater by using clay, geomembrane, geotextile and gravel for filtration. By the way waste can not harm to the environment. There are also drainage lines for leakage and gaseous pipes for methane gase. Soil layer is the last layer and then afforestation starts. 10.000 tonnes solid waste is disposed in 75 hectars area, Odayeri/Gokturk every day. 4.000 tonnes soid waste is disposed in 100 hectars area, Komurcuoda/Karakiraz every day.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES Hasdal LFG Plant The LFG Plant was established on the Kemerburgaz Unsanitary Landfill that was closed in 1995. Electrical energy production plant from waste gaseous works by active gaseous collection system. Gases are collectioned, treated and burned in gaseous motor and electricity is occured.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES Leachate Treatment Plants There is a wastewater treatment plant that has capacity of 1500 m³/day in Odayeri Sanitary Landfill. There is a wastewater treatment plant that has capacity of 900 m³/day in Kömürcüoda Sanitary Landfill. Primary Treatment Chemical treatment Anaerobic Treatment Sludge Dewatering units are in these plants. Except these units as a new technology, there is the biggest leachate treatment facility of Europe every day 5.000 m3 Leachate of high pollution load are treated with Membrane Bioreactor + Nanofiltration technology in this two plants.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATION PLANT Since 1995, IMM has collected and transferred medical waste of 224 medical institutions that have 20 and more beds. Collected medical wastes are transfered by teams that are educationed, certificated and special vehicles. Medical wastes are incinerated at 1200 oC at the plant that has a capacity of 24 tonnes/day. There is a treatment system to decrease pollutant gaseous emission from incineration plant chimney. Emissions are given to the atmosphere after acid notralization. There is also Carbon Filter System that is eligible to EU Standards. Ash of the wastes are disposed in sanitary landfill seperately.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES COMPOSTING and RECYCLING FACILITY Composting plant is the second biggest plant of the Europe. Capacity of the plant is 1000 tons/day. Compost is produced from organic wastes that is collected from bazaars and produced compost is used in parks-gardens of Istanbul. Plastic and metal materials that are valuable are separated by hand-selection and transferred to recycling plants. By processing 200.000 ton organic waste each year, 26.000 tons of compost and 18.000 tons of cover is produced. We recover 6.000 tons/year of plastic, metal and paper by manuel sorting. Total waste processing capacity of the composting facility (in Europe) is 365.000 ton/year. An other composting and recycling facility with a capacity of 2.000 ton/day is completed in Asian side and started operation.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES COMPOSTING and RECYCLING FACILITY The wastes that come to the plant are selected with hand-selection and recycling bands. After selecting paper, plastic and metal materials from the mixed wastes. Soil and ash that in the remaining waste is sifted in griddles and wastes come to fermentation unit. Fermentation unit has 8 sections; 3 of closed and 5 of open-air. Wastes stay one week in each section. Water and heat is necessary for fermentation. Fermentation process finishes after 8 weeks . Finally compost is ready to use.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES FIGURES BELONG TO MECHANICAL SWEEPING Existence of a city with clean streets is a significant indicator of urban life quality attained. Being aware of this fact, Integrated Solid Waste Directorate provides day and night uninterrupted cleaning services for arterial roads and main squares of 27 districts and 16 towns in Istanbul by using of 125 sweeping machines and 103 cleaning machines.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES COLLECTION OF PACKAGING WASTES ON THE SOURCE “Project of Separate Collection of packaging waste on the Source” has been introduced by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and ISTAC Co. “Packaging Waste Management Plan” was prepared for Istanbul within the frame of this Project. The Project was implemented at certain determined pilot regions and it is thought to extent the Project as to cover the entire Istanbul. For this aim, the protocols between district municipalities and licensed firms have been signed. The number of district that the protocol has been signed is 22. 21 of these 22 districts has started to implementation. Within the Project, 200.000 students in 2007 and 300.000 student in 2008 were trained about environment and recycling by the people who are responsible for this. In the same way, 20 university students that have been employed by ISTAC Co. inform the people in their houses. In the period of one year total 120.000 houses (=500.000 people) have been informed and their awareness has been increased. 5.651 tons of packaging waste were collected in the first three month period of 2008.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES TEMPORARY STORAGE OF BATTERY WASTE Battery wastes are buried in specially built and impermeable sections in Odayeri Sanitary Landfill. Each of these sections has a capacity of 100 m3. Surroundings of these sections are covered with clay. HDPE on the concrete and soil on the HDPE is spread out in the internal floor of these sections.

FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT of ISTANBUL LOCAL ELECTRONICAL WASTE PROJECT Project Code: LIFE 06 TCY/TR/282 Beneficiary : Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Project Partners : Çevre ve Kültür Mirasını Koruma Association (ÇEVKU) from Turkey and Ecological Recycling Society Association from Greece Within the Project, unusable computers are collected and decomposed as usable, recyclable and unrecoverable. The ones that can be used again are repaired and delivered to the public institutions according to need. The ones that can not be used again are purify from toxic materials and sent to recycling plants. The rest of the computer are disposed.

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS

PROJECTS Energy Production from Landfill Sites ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS Energy Production from Landfill Sites Main goal of this project is to collect the landfill gas from landfill sites and to generate electricity via using gas engines. To convert the landfill gas to energy in Odayeri and Kömürcüoda Landfill Sites, systems with a total capacity of 35 MW are installed. This systems will produce 2.800 Gwh electrical energy until 2030. By this project nearly 1.000.000 tons of Carbon dioxide is prevented from emitting to atmosphere. This project is in the first 10 of UN Climate Change Projects.

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS Enhancement of Compost Product and Model Compost System Research Project The main aim is to convert compost produced in Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Composting Plant to organic fertilizer. Meantime to create the most country suited compost model at the end of the project. Project is implemented by the consortium of IBB, ISTAC Co, ITU, Sabancı Uni., Selcuk Uni. and Bahri Dağdaş International Farm Research Ins. Observing the effect of land application on soil and plants in the use of compost

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS Enhancement of Compost Product and Model Compost System Research Project-2 In the environmental Lab, which is founded in the scope of the project, routine analysis of compost, water and wastewater analysis can be done. The project supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey).

PROJECTS RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) and Granule Project ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) and Granule Project To convert recyclable plastics to granule and non-recyclable material to RDF for using as fuel in cement kilns, an RDF Plant is built near the composting facility. Capacity of the plant is 250 ton/day. This plant is the first step of transition to Thermal System. The project is supported by TÜBİTAK. RDF Plant

PROJECTS Biomethanization ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS Biomethanization The aim is to evaluate how energy production would be increased by co digestion application of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste together with primary sludge and farm-based wastes. For providing the required solid content for wet anaerobic digestion, some amount of treated wastewater was recycled to each digester. A pilot plant is constructed and activities continue according to work packages.

PROJECTS Management and Disposal of Industrial Wastes ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS Management and Disposal of Industrial Wastes There is a great need for an industrial waste disposal site in Istanbul because of in sufficiency of the disposal sites in Marmara Region. Project Preparation studies for a plant in Asian Landfill Site are continue. Settlement plan of an Industrial Disposal Site is prepared for the project.

PROJECTS Solid Waste Education and Application Center ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS Solid Waste Education and Application Center Solid Waste Education and Application Center is projected to inform and to educate municipalities, public bodies and all other parties about waste management.

PROJECTS Recovery of Construction and Demolition Wastes ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS Recovery of Construction and Demolition Wastes With the aim for the recovery of construction and demolition wastes, foundation of the first concasor system and projection of the second system has started.

Seasonal Waste Characterization in Istanbul ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY PROJECTS Solid Waste Characterization and Forming a Solid Waste Map Seasonal Solid Waste Characterization for Istanbul is completed by ISTAC Co. According to this study, solid waste maps, which show solid waste density, amount, per capita amounts, changing rates according to time, are prepared. Seasonal Waste Characterization in Istanbul

THANK YOU for your attention!