G.Paavan
General management : Reduce heat around the scrotum ----cold water baths, use of cotton/ loose underwear etc. Avoidance of alcohol Cessation of smoking Control diabetes Correct other Endocrine Disorders Antibiotics for any pre existing infections(STDs) Correction of any surgical anomalies in the MGT Sexual counseling Use of antioxidants like Vitamin E
Hypothalamus Secretes GnRH Pituitary LH & FSH Testes Estradiol Testosterone Dihydrotestosterone 5 alpha- reductase Target Tissues Inhibin
Structure and action similar to LH Inc testosterone production Dosage : IU given IM—weekly for 10 weeks or 5000 IU IM twice a week
Used in pituitary inadequacy Act on the pituitary and stimulates the production of LH and FSH Dosage : 150 IU thrice a week for 6 months
Lower doses induces spermatogenesis and improves testicular function Higher doses suppress Dosage : 25 to 50 mg orally 17 alkyl substituted derivatives of testosterone are used : Methyltestosterone and fluoxymesterone Side effects :Edema, Cholestatic Jaundice, Hepatic carcinoma, Gynaecomastia, Acne.
Indicated in hypothalamic failure Low t 1/2 Gonadorelin (synthetic GnRH) injected IV causes prompt release of FSH and LH Synthetic analogues----Nafraelin
Pure estrogen antagonist Induces GnRH secretion by blocking the feedback on the pituitary. Not useful in pituitary insufficiency Dosage : 25 mg for 25 days followed by 5 days rest. This is repeated cyclically for 3 to 6 cycles
Selective estrogen antagonist Dosage : 10 mg daily for 6 months
Dexamethasone- 0.5 mg Daily Prednisolone- 50mg Daily Cyclosporin A – 5 to 10 mg/kg/ daily for 6 months Naproxen – 50mg twice daily For 3-6 months
Selective PDE-5 Inhibitor Dosage : mg 1 hour before intercourse Side effx : Fall in BP, Loose Motions, Migraine like headache Contraindicated in heart pts
Hypothalamus Secretes GnRH Pituitary FSH Ovaries Progesterone Target Tissues Estrogen LH Peripheral Tissues Androstenedione
Antiestrogenic Induces GnRH secretion by blocking the feedback on the pituitary. Dosage : 50 mg per day from day 2 to day 6. Advise coitus on 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 th day Ovulation monitored by ECG. Complications : 1)> 150mg causes ovarian hyper stimulation 2) Multiple Gestation
In PCOD Clomiphene Citrate – mg/day from day 2 to day 6 Inj. hMG- 75 units IM is added on 3, 5, and 7 days
Baseline estradiol assay and U/S hMG 75 IU for 3 days If estradiol doubled monitor hMG dosage If not inc dosage by 50% Inc dosage until estradiol doubles Perform u/s until follicle reaches 16mm Stop hMG and perform PCT 24hr later admin hCG 5000 IU Admin inj hCG 3000 IU 7 days later Await menses
Dosage: 500mg 3 times a day or 850 mg 2 times a day
Indicated in hyperprolactinemia Dosage : 1.25mg at bed time for 7 days HP gets corrected spontaneously after ovulation
Alternative to hMG Administered in pulsatile fashion Adv : Risk of hyper stimulation reduced
In women with inc androstenedione Dosage : 5mg at night mg every morning