Global Vienna – Vienna: global? Andrea Komlosy Gerhard Strohmeier

Vienna: Capital of Austria  Vienna: Important part of Austrian history for a long time  Changing manifestations of Austria:  Roman Limes Provinces (1-5th c. AC)  Frontier Province (Mark) ( ), 996 “Ostarrichi”  Duchy (1156) – state sovereignty  Regnum ( )  World Empire ( )  Continental Empire ( )  Republic ( , 1945ff)  Often part of larger political units: Holy Roman Empire, German Confederation, Greater Germany, European Union

Conceptualizing Austria 1st: There is no natural geographical territory, defined Austrian. 2nd: Our perception starts from the territory of today's Austrian state (= Republic of Austria) 3rd: In history the Austrian state had different territories with changing boundaries, as well as in the history of the other successor states. 4th: There is no Austrian people in an ethnic sense; Austrian people are the people that belong to the respective state: +) subjects of the Duke, Archduke, King, Emperor or whatever; +) citizens of the Empire, Republic. The Austrian population consists of various ethnic groups (peoples), which form the nation.  Political nation: Austrian  Ethnic nation / peoples: German, Czech, Magyar, Croat, …

A global perspective… ? How do Viennese relate to and interact with the world? (a node in a network, centre of Europe, …) Viennese impacts on the world International/global impacts on Vienna Vienna: A “Global City”? global history? Historical developments rooted and driven by inter- actions between actors from several world-regions: how do they impact local/regional/national developments, where and how do they meet/inter- mingle with specific domestic factors?

How shall we conceive “global”?  Multi-layered understanding of relations across Austrian borders (changing in quality, quantity, significance, intensity, distance, and direction) regionalNeighbour states and Individuals and groups regions continentalOther European statesPolitical, cultural, economic transcontinentalNon-European statesinstitutional

Inter-national or inter-regional? Shall we include inter-regional relations into a global perspective? e.g. Core-periphery relations, inter-ethnic relations in Austria?

Vienna: a stage for global history How do Capitals’ relations differ from inter-state relations? Are they representative for the country, or are they specific, condensed, exceptional and untypical? Approaches: a) Viennese history seen through interactions with other parts of the world b) Viennese history as a reflection and expression of global history in the capital, respectively in Austria (Mark, Duchy, Empire, Republic)

A Global over-strech? If almost everything has global impacts, how to avoid global overstretch? Emphasizing on a) Influences, transfers, encounters and conflicts b) Integration and disintegration, association - dissociation, dominance - hegemony – dependency, that characterize all inter-relations.

Specific themes for a global history of Vienna: Diplomacy, international relations International organizations, conferences Cultural transfers -> < Church and City Urban autonomy versus central state influence Economic relations Vienna’s role in the global economy Migrations -> <- Asylum and expulsion Self-perception and representation

Specific regions for a global history of Vienna: Western Europe Eastern and south eastern Europe Ottoman Empire and Balkans Austrian – German relationship Relations with the successor states of the HM East-west relations and Neutrality

Vienna: A Global City? „Global Cities“: geographic term by Saskia Sassen („Mega-Cities“, „World Cities“) …important node in global economic system… Sassen: … some 45 cities in the world … Is Vienna a global city?

Global Cities Some characteristics: - Active influence in international politics and world affairs - Fairly large population - Multicultural population - Cultural importance (Media, Arts) - Important financial institutions, corporate headquarters - Important traffic node