Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities California Standard: 9.0 Students solve a system of two linear equations in two variables algebraically and are able to interpret the answer graphically. Students are able to solve a system of two linear inequalities in two variables and to sketch the solution sets. What it means for you: You’ll graph two inequalities to show the solution set that satisfies both inequalities. Key Words: system of linear inequalities region point-slope formula

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities The idea of graphing two different inequalities on one graph is really not as hard as it sounds. –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x When you’ve finished, your graph will show the region where all the points satisfy both inequalities.

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Regions Defined by More Than One Linear Inequality A system of linear inequalities is made up of two or more linear inequalities that contain the same variables. For example, 3x + 2y > 6 and 4x – y < 5 are linear inequalities both containing the variables x and y. An ordered pair (x, y) is a solution of a system of linear inequalities if it is a solution of each of the inequalities in the system. For example, (1, –2) is a solution of the system of inequalities y < –x + 2 and 2y < 2x + 6. The graph of two linear inequalities is the region consisting of all the points satisfying both inequalities.

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 1 Sketch the region satisfying both y < –x + 2 and 2y < 2x + 6. Solution –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x Line 2y = 2x + 6 = region defined by y < –x + 2 = region defined by 2y < 2x + 6 = region defined by y < –x + 2 and 2y < 2x + 6 Line y = –x + 2 Set of points satisfying both y < –x + 2 and 2y < 2x + 6. Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Sketching Regions Defined by Two Linear Inequalities –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x To sketch the region defined by two linear inequalities, shade the regions defined by each inequality. y < –x + 2 2y < 2x + 6 The region defined by both inequalities is the area where your shading overlaps. y < –x + 2 and 2y < 2x + 6

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 2 Graph the solution set satisfying 5y + 3x ³ –25 and y – x £ –5. Solution First line: x y (x, y) y = – x – 5 = – (0) – 5 = –5 (0, –5) 5 y = – x – 5 = – (5) – 5 = –8 (5, –8) 3 5y + 3x = –25 Þ 5y = –3x – 25 Þ y = – x – 5 3 5 The border line y = – x – 5 goes through the points (0, –5) and (5, –8), and is a solid line. 3 5 Solution continues… Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 2 Graph the solution set satisfying 5y + 3x ³ –25 and y – x £ –5. Solution (continued) Second line: x y (x, y) y = x – 5 = 0 – 5 = –5 (0, –5) 3 y = x – 5 = 3 – 5 = –2 (3, –2) y – x = –5 Þ y = x – 5 The border line y = x – 5 goes through the points (0, –5) and (3, –2), and is a solid line. Now you can plot the two lines on the same set of axes. Solution continues…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 2 Graph the solution set satisfying 5y + 3x ³ –25 and y – x £ –5. Solution (continued) First line: The border line y = – x – 5 goes through the points (0, –5) and (5, –8), and is a solid line. 3 5 y –3 3 6 9 x –6 –9 y = x – 5 Second line: The border line y = x – 5 goes through the points (0, –5) and (3, –2), and is a solid line. y = x – 5 3 5 Solution continues…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 2 Graph the solution set satisfying 5y + 3x ³ –25 and y – x £ –5. Solution (continued) Test whether the point (0, 0) satisfies each inequality. y –3 3 6 9 x –6 –9 y = x – 5 First inequality: 5y + 3x ³ –25 5(0) + 3(0) ³ –25 0 ³ –25 This is a true statement, so (0, 0) lies in the region 5y + 3x ³ –25. 5y + 3x ³ –25 Shade the region above y = – x – 5. 3 5 y = x – 5 3 5 Solution continues…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 2 Graph the solution set satisfying 5y + 3x ³ –25 and y – x £ –5. Solution (continued) Test whether the point (0, 0) satisfies each inequality. y –3 3 6 9 x –6 –9 y = x – 5 Second inequality: y – x £ –5 0 – 0 £ –5 0 £ –5 This is a false statement, so (0, 0) doesn’t lie in the region y – x £ –5. 5y + 3x ³ –25 and y – x £ –5 Shade the region below y = –x – 5. y = x – 5 3 5 The required region is the area where the shading overlaps.

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Guided Practice In each of Exercises 1–2, use a set of axes spanning from –5 to 7 on the x-axis and –6 to 6 on the y-axis. For each exercise, shade the region containing all solution points for both inequalities. –4 –2 2 4 6 y x –6 2 1 2x + 3y < 6 and y – 2x < 2 y – x ³ 4 and 2x + y £ 5 1. 2x + 3y < 6 and y – 2x < 2 2. y – x ³ 4 and 2x + y £ 5 Test point: (0, 0) 2x + 3y < 6 0 > 6 – True Shade below the line y – 2x < 2 0 < 2 – True Shade below the line Test point: (0, 0) y – x ³ 4 0 ³ 4 – False Shade above the line 2x + y £ 5 0 £ 5 – True Shade below the line Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Guided Practice In each of Exercises 3–4, use a set of axes spanning from –6 to 6 on the x- and y-axes. For each exercise, shade the region containing all solution points for both inequalities. –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x 3. y < –x + 4 and y < x 4. y < x + 2 and y > –2x + 5 4 3 y < x + 2 and y > –2x + 5 y < –x + 4 and y < x Test point: (2, 1) y < –x + 4 1 < 2 – True Shade below the line y < x 1 < 2 – True Shade below the line Test point: (0, 0) y < x + 2 0 < 2 – True Shade below the line y > –2x + 5 0 > 5 – False Shade above the line Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Guided Practice In each of Exercises 5–6, use a set of axes spanning from –6 to 6 on the x- and y-axes. For each exercise, shade the region containing all solution points for both inequalities. –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x 5. y < x and y < –x – 2 6. y £ 0.5x + 3 and y £ 2x + 2 5 6 y < x and y < –x – 2 y £ 0.5x + 3 and y £ 2x + 2 Test point: (1, –1) y < x –1 < 1 – True Shade below the line y < –x – 2 –1 < –3 – False Shade below the line Test point: (0, 0) y £ 0.5x + 3 0 £ 3 – True Shade below the line y £ 2x + 2 0 £ 2 – True Shade below the line Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Identifying the Inequalities Defining a Region To identify the inequalities defining a region, you first need to establish the border line equations. Then examine a point in the region to identify the inequalities — the method’s coming up next.

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Here’s the method: Find the equations — use the point-slope formula to find the equations of each of the border lines. Identify the signs — choose a point in the region (but not on a line) and substitute its coordinates into each equation. Since the point does not lie on either of the lines, you will have two false statements. Replace the “=” in each equation with a “<” or “>” sign to make the statements true. If the line is solid, use “£” or “³.” Write the inequalities which define the region.

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 3 Find the inequalities whose simultaneous solution set is the shaded region shown below. 2 4 6 y –2 –4 8 x Solution Line 2 First line: Two points on this line are (0, 1) and (3, 2). (3, 2) Line 1 m1 = = 3 1 2 – 1 3 – 0 (0, 1) y = ⅓ x + 1 y – y1 = m(x – x1) 3 1 Þ y – 2 = (x – 3) 3 1 Þ y – 2 = x – 1 Þ y = x + 1 3 1 Solution continues… Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 3 Find the inequalities whose simultaneous solution set is the shaded region shown below. 2 4 6 y –2 –4 8 x Solution (continued) Line 2 y = 2x – 4 Second line: Two points on this line are (3, 2) and (1, –2). (3, 2) Line 1 m1 = = = 2 –2 – 2 1 – 3 –2 –4 y = ⅓ x + 1 y – y1 = m(x – x1) (1, –2) Þ y – 2 = 2(x – 3) Þ y – 2 = 2x – 6 Þ y = 2x – 4 Solution continues…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 3 Find the inequalities whose simultaneous solution set is the shaded region shown below. 2 4 6 y –2 –4 8 x Solution (continued) Line 2 y = 2x – 4 So the equations of the two border lines are 3 1 y = x + 1 and y = 2x – 4. (5, 4) Line 1 y = ⅓ x + 1 Choose a point in the shaded region, for example, (5, 4). Substitute this point into the two equations. Solution continues…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 3 Find the inequalities whose simultaneous solution set is the shaded region shown below. 2 4 6 y –2 –4 8 x Solution (continued) Line 2 3 1 y = x + 1 y = 2x – 4 Equation for line 1: (5, 4) Þ 4 = + 1 3 5 3 8 Þ 4 = Line 1 y = ⅓ x + 1 — this is a false statement. 4 > , so a > sign is needed to make it true. However, the line is solid so the sign should be ³. 3 8 So the first inequality is y ³ x + 1. 3 1 Solution continues…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Example 3 Find the inequalities whose simultaneous solution set is the shaded region shown below. 2 4 6 y –2 –4 8 x Solution (continued) Line 2 y = 2x – 4 Equation for line 2: y = 2x – 4 (5, 4) Þ 4 = 10 – 4 Þ 4 = 6 Line 1 — this is a false statement. y = ⅓ x + 1 4 < 6, so a < sign is needed to make it true. The line is dashed so the < sign is correct. The second inequality is y < 2x – 4. Therefore the inequalities defining the shaded region are y ³ x + 1 and y < 2x – 4. 3 1

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Guided Practice In Exercises 7–8, find inequalities whose simultaneous solution defines each of the shaded regions. 7. 8. –4 –2 2 4 6 y x –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x –6 (–2, 2) (1, 1) x + 3y = 9 y = –0.5x + 1 y = x + 2 –y + x = –2 Use test point: (1, 1) y = 1, x + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3 Þ y > x + 2 y = 1, –0.5x + 1 = –0.5 + 1 = 0.5 Þ y > –0.5x + 1 Use test point: (–2, 2) –y + x = –2 + (–2) = –4 < –2 Þ –y + x < –2 x + 3y = –2 + 3(2) = 4 < 9 Þ x + 3y £ 9 Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Guided Practice In Exercises 9–10, find inequalities whose simultaneous solution defines each of the shaded regions. –4 –2 2 4 6 y x –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x –6 9. 10. (1, 0) (–1, 0) Find the equation of each line, then use test point (1, 0) to find the inequalities. y £ 3x – 2 and y £ –2x + 3 Find the equation of each line, then use test point (–1, 0) to find the inequalities. 3 4 1 y > – x – and y < –x Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Independent Practice In Exercises 1–4, use the graph below to determine if the given point is included in the solution set. 1. (0, 0) 2. (2, 6) 3. (6, 2) 4. (4, –2) –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x 2x – 3y = 6 5x + 4y = 12 no (2, 6) no (6, 2) (0, 0) no (4, –2) yes Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Independent Practice 5. Determine whether the point (–4, –3) lies in the solution region of both 3x – 4y £ 2 and x – 2y ³ 1. 6. Determine whether the point (0, 0) lies in the solution region of both 3x – 4y £ 2 and x – 2y ³ 1. 7. Determine whether the point (–3, 1) lies in the solution region of both 3x – 4y £ 2 and x – 2y ³ 1. 3(–4) – 4(–3) £ 2 Þ 0 £ 2 This is a true statement. –4 – 2(–3) ³ 1 Þ 2 ³ 1 This is also a true statement, so the point is in the solution region of both inequalities. 3(0) – 4(0) £ 2 Þ 0 £ 2 This is a true statement. 0 – 2(0) ³ 1 Þ 0 ³ 1 This statement is false, so the point is not in the solution region of both inequalities. 3(–3) – 4(1) £ 2 Þ –13 £ 2 This is a true statement. –3 – 2(1) ³ 1 Þ –5 ³ 1 This statement is false, so the point is not in the solution region of both inequalities. Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Independent Practice 8. On axes spanning from –3 to 9 on the x-axis and –6 to 6 on the y-axis, graph the solution set that satisfies both the inequalities y + 2x ³ 4 and y ³ 1.5x – 2. –3 3 6 9 2 4 y x –2 –4 –6 y + 2x ³ 4 and y ³ 1.5x – 2 Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Independent Practice 9. On axes spanning from –3 to 9 on the x-axis and –8 to 4 on the y-axis, graph the solution set that satisfies both the inequalities y > x – 6 and y > –x + 2. –3 3 6 9 –2 2 4 y x –4 –6 –8 y > x – 6 and y > –x + 2 Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Independent Practice In each of Exercises 10–11, show on axes spanning from –5 to 7 on the x-axis and –6 to 6 on the y-axis the region defined by the set of inequalities: 10. 4y – 3x < 12, 2x + y < 0, and y ³ 1 11. 3x + 5y > 10, x – y < 2, and y £ 2 11 10 –4 –2 2 4 6 y x –6 Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Independent Practice 12. The points (2, 6.6) and (7, 8.1) lie on a line bounding a region, but are not part of the region themselves. Find the equation of the line. 4 6 8 10 y 2 –2 12 x (5, 1.5) (2, 3) y = 0.3x + 6 y = |1.5x – 6| y = 0.3x (4, 4) y = 0.3x + 6 13. The region in Exercise 12 is also bounded by the lines y = 0.3x and y = |1.5x – 6|. If the points (2, 3), (5, 1.5), and (4, 4) all lie within the region, draw and shade the region on axes spanning from –2 to 12 on the x- and y-axes. Solution follows…

Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Topic 4.5.3 Regions Defined by Two Inequalities Round Up When you’re graphing a system of linear inequalities, don’t forget that you still have to pay attention to whether the lines should be solid or dashed.