Carboxylic Acids

Write condensed structural formulas for and name organic acids. Include: uses and functions of common organic acids Additional KEY Terms

R The functional group of carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group. general form: R – COOH made up of two smaller functional groups O C R H carbonyl group hydroxyl group

Properties of Carboxylic Acids: Polar covalent: < 5C (small) are soluble in water Strong IMF (H-bonding) gives high bp/mp Weak acids that ionize when dissolved O C R H O C R _ δ- δ+ H + (solid) (aqueous)

Organic acids common in both plants and animals: Sour taste in fruits (citric acid), vinegar (acetic acid) Amino acids (proteins) are carboxylic acids Fatty acids (fats) contain large carboxylic acids

NAMING Carboxylic Acids Name parent chain containing carboxyl group. Replacing the – e ending with – oic acid. Numbering always begins with the carbon containing the carboxyl group. methanoic acid formic acid (ant and bee stings)

benzoic acid O // ethanoic acid \ O butanoic acid CH3-CH2-CH2-C \ OH O // \ CH3COOH acetic acid (vinegar) ethanoic acid CH3-CH2-CH2-C O \ OH // butanoic acid benzoic acid

CH3 \ CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-C O // OH 4-methylpentanoic acid

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? Write condensed structural formulas for and name organic acids. Include: uses and functions of common organic acids Additional KEY Terms