Wind Energy System By: Andy Brown, Basheer Qattum & Ali Gokal Advisors: Dr. Na & Dr. Huggins

Outline Introduction Hardware Software Results Future Steps

History of Wind Energy Utilization

ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER Wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently Wind does not cause green house gases or other pollutants Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land Excellent source for remote areas not connected to a grid Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world Available in a range of sizes meaning a vast range of people and businesses can use them Environmentally Friendly Economically Competitive

Goals Output maximum power despite fluctuating wind conditions. Utilize power electronics to perform conversions Successfully implement a DSP board to have a greater degree of control over our system to harness optimal energy To create a system that is applicable with real world industry

Functional Requirements (Hardware) Shall be able to produce.75 kilowatt but not more then 5 kilowatts Shall be able to convert wind power to single phase AC power Must be able to maximize wind power conversion

Wind-Electric Systems Induction Generators, Directly Connected to the Grid Doubly-Fed, Wound Rotor Induction Generators Power Electronics Connected Generator

Top Level Diagram

Functional Description Sub Systems Generator Diode Rectifier Boost Converters Inverter

Brushless DC Motor Due to complications with size and Lab requirements, PMSG still. Max Current5.4 A Max Speed3600RPM Max Voltage 160 V Max Power 750W

Brushless DC Motor FrequencyRPM3-phase-to-neutral ɳ =(120*f)/(poles)

Brushless DC Motor

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Max Peak Voltage1600V Max Peak Current 300A Max Current25A Max Voltage600V Output of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/1.5mF Cap V = I*R Vo=(1.35Vin – V Diode ) P = I*V ɳ =(120*f)/(poles) Value of capacitor to ensure clear signal C=(Vp/2*f*Vr) =534μF Therefore we used 1.5mF

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier V INRMS VOUT SIMULATION VOUT THEORICIAL PERCENT ERROR Vin = 64.0 V Vo = 84.0 V Io = 961 mA Speed = 3000 RPM R = 88Ω P = 80.72W

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/o Cap Vo = 85.0 V Io = 964 mA Speed = 3000 RPM Current DC Voltage

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/1.5mF Cap Vin = 64.0 V Vo = 84.0 V Io = 961 mA Speed = 3000 RPM DC Voltage 3φ Voltage

Interleaved Boost Converter

Boost Converter V InputDuty-CycleFreqVout-expVout-actual 520% % % % Vo=Vin/(1-D), or for more accurate values, Vo= {[(V In -V IGBT* D)/(1-D)] – V Diode } IGBT: Switching Freq up to 300kHz Max voltage at 600V Max current at 60A

Boost Converter

Most time consuming part of Boost converter Gate Driver

Gate to emitter (pulse) ±30V Gate to emitter (cont) ±20V Max Gate Current ±250uA Gate driver output+18V 120/14 V AC-RMS  17.89V DC Output up too 600V Current up to 2A Shutdown mode for protection

Gate Driver

Software

Functional Description

DSP Board - TI TMS320F2812 PWM Generation 16-Bit 16 PWM outputs 0 V – 3.3 V ADC 12-Bit Analog Input: 0 V - 3 V

Controller Implementation Process SIMULINK CODE COMPOSER DSP

Testing Circuit Single Channel Boost Converter

Simulation Open-Loop Controller

Testing Circuit Open Loop Controller

Testing Hardware Output Results

Testing Hardware Output Duty Cycle: 20% Input Voltage: 5.00 V Output Voltage: 6.00 V

Voltage Controller Simulation

Voltage Controller

Voltage Controller Output

Voltage-Current Controller Simulation

Voltage-Current Controller

Boost Converter Controller VS. Interleaved Boost Controller

Interleaved Boost Converter Open-Loop Controller

Interleaved Boost Converter Open-Loop Controller Output

Single Phase Inverter Controller Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation

Unipolar PWM Vout = VdWhen T1,T4 is ON Vout=-VdWhen T2,T3 is ON Vout=0When T1,T3 or T2,T4 is ON

Unipolar PWM

LC Filter Magnitude Bode Plot for Second-Order LC Filter

LC Filter Chose L =.125mH Yields C = 240uF

Inverter Controller Simulation

Interver Unipolar PWM Controller

Inverter SPWM - Output

Future Work - Controller Closed-Loop Voltage and Current Controller for Two- Channel Interleaved Boost Converter Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller Single-Phase Inverter Controller with Unity Power Factor Correction

Interleaved Boost Converter Voltage-Current Controller Same Controller as designed Need to output two PWM signal The second PWM signal has to been delayed by half the period

Interleaved Boost Converter Simulation

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

MPPT Perturbation and Observation Method (P&O) MPPT algorithm adjusts duty cycle to achieve

MPPT – System Diagram

MPPT - Flowchart

MPPT Current Controller Design

Single-Phase Inverter Controller with Unity Power Factor Correction System Diagram