Reading Comprehension Parents and teachers need to explicitly teach reading comprehension skills while at the same time encouraging young readers to keep practicing and honing their skills.

Explicit Varied Teaching Reading comprehension must be explicitly taught They need a variety of texts Teachers work Whole class Small group One to One Parents Model at home Real Life: Newspapers, Internet, books for pleasure Reading with their children Reading to their children

Comprehension Strategies Questioning Before reading – making predictions and activate prior knowledge. During reading – ask questions to check for understanding or misunderstandings (Who, What, Where, When, How, Why) Ask questions to guide students to make inferences. Ask questions to guide students in analyzing text Have students give proof by citing evidence in text

Vocabulary Instruction Formal instruction by teachers Informal instruction by parents Instruction on words before they read or as they read Helping them use context clues (words or pictures in text to determine the meaning) Teaching basic roots, prefixes and suffixes Exposure to words and their meanings

Monitoring Young readers must learn to monitor their comprehension. They must learn to “check in” with themselves for understanding Adults help children to develop strategies Activate prior knowledge Read and reread Ask themselves questions while reading Stop and jot Use text structure for meaning

Summarizing Young readers must develop the ability to summarize what they have read. They need to be able to state in order key events, ideas, details, and explain the big idea of what they are reading. http://Vimeo.com/54007714

Focus and Attention Young readers must learn to focus their attention. They must become fluent readers before they can attend to comprehension. Too much time spent on decoding distracts from their ability to pay attention to comprehension. Students will need to stop periodically and summarize what they have read.

Motivation Encouragement for all their reading Demonstrate an enthusiasm for reading Show excitement for your own reading and theirs Help choosing books that are at a child’s interest Choosing books that are “doable” for students Books should be at their level or just above their independent level if you are helping them

Strategies to Help Comprehension YouTube video - Making sense of Informational Text http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ua0D9uE25ns

English Language Arts RL3 Kindergarten With prompting and support, identify characters, settings, and major events in a story. First Grade Describe characters, settings, and major events in a story, using key details. Second Grade Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges.

English Language Arts RL3 Third Grade Describe characters in a story (e.g., their traits, motivations, or feelings) and explain how their actions contribute to the sequence of events Fourth Grade Describe in depth a character, setting, or event in a story or drama, drawing on specific details in the text (e.g., a character’s thoughts, words, or actions).

English Language Arts RL3 Fifth Grade Compare and contrast two or more characters, settings, or events in a story or drama, drawing on specific details in the text (e.g., how characters interact). Sixth Grade Describe how a particular story’s or drama’s plot unfolds in a series of episodes as well as how the characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution.

English Language Arts RI3 Kindergarten With prompting and support, describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text. First Grade Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text. Second Grade Describe the connection between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text.

English Language Arts RI3 Third Grade Describe the relationship between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text, using language that pertains to time, sequence, and cause/effect. Fourth Grade Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text, including what happened and why, based on specific information in the text.

English Language Arts RI3 Fifth Grade Explain the relationships or interactions between two or more individuals, events, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text based on specific information in the text. Sixth Grade Analyze in detail how a key individual, event, or idea is introduced, illustrated, and elaborated in a text (e.g., through examples or anecdotes).