True or False? Smoking makes you feel relaxed One cigarette contains over 200 chemicals Nicotine is the substance that causes tar in the lungs Nicotine increases your heart rate Low tar cigarettes with filters are safe to smoke Everyday 1000 people in the UK are admitted to hospital with smoking related diseases Half of all teenagers who smoke will die from smoking related diseases In the last fifty years 6 million people have died because they smoke in the UK. 60 million in the world.

By the end of the lesson you should be able to Cells Smoking AF2 Outcomes By the end of the lesson you should be able to Name some harmful chemicals found in cigarettes and describe their effects on the body Explain how specialized cells can be affected by cigarette smoke Link ideas and evidence to justify whether cigarettes should still be on sale.

Group Discussion Discuss the following points. Make sure that one person keeps a note of what you say and be prepared to feedback in a few minutes What do you think is the most harmful component of cigarettes and why? What are the negative effects of smoking on a persons lifestyle? Why do people continue to smoke even if they know it is harmful?

Trachea – has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing Bronchi Bronchioles Rib muscles – to raise and lower the ribs Ribs – to protect the chest Lung Alveoli (“air sacs”) – gas exchange takes place here Diaphragm – muscular sheet

Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because… They have a LARGE surface area They have a good blood supply They are moist

This picture shows cilia on the cells lining the airways.

Cells lining the bronchus- here there are no cilia- they have been damaged by the nicotine

The air sacs (alveoli) in the centre of the lung tissue in the picture have broken down. The black dots are smoke particles lodged in the tissues- this condition is emphysema.

Bronchitis

Nicotine The addictive substance in cigarettes. The longer people smoke, the more addicted they become. Is a tranquiliser, that’s why some people say that smoking calms them down.

Tar Leaves a layer of chemicals on the respiratory system. The body tries to get rid of it by producing more mucus and trying to cough it up = Smoker’s Cough Contains chemicals that cause cancer e.g. mouth, cheek and lung cancer

Carbon Monoxide A colourless, odourless and poisonous gas. It is very dangerous. Red blood cells take up Carbon Monoxide instead of Oxygen so less Oxygen reaches the body’s tissues. Can also lead to a build up of fatty deposits in the arteries.

The Effects of Smoking Heart The health risks that smoking causes to your heart are very dangerous. Your veins and arteries become blocked and narrow and you are at a greatly increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and aneurysms. Smokers are more than twice as likely as non-smokers to die from heart disease. Circulation Smoking causes your veins and arteries to get narrower, harder and coated with fatty deposits. This can cause problems like: Low fitness, cold skin, hands and feet and ulcers. Gangrene which leads to about 2,000 amputations every year in the UK. Cramps, pains and blockages in your veins which can cause strokes or heart attacks. Mouth and Throat Smoking causes unattractive problems like bad breath and stained teeth. It can also cause gum disease and damage your sense of taste. The most serious damage smoking causes in this area is an increased risk of cancer in your lips, tongue, throat, voice box and oesophagus (gullet).

More Effects of Smoking Reproduction and Fertility Smoking can increase a mans risk of impotence. It can also damage sperm, reduced sperm count and cause testicular cancer. For women, smoking can make you less fertile and increase the risk of having a miscarriage, a low birth weight baby or cot death. Smoking also increases your risk of cancer of the cervix. Stomach The damage to your stomach area can affect your vital organs. You have an increased chance of getting stomach cancer or ulcers. You are also at risk of developing cancers in your kidneys, pancreas and bladder. Skin Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen to the skin. This means that skin ages more quickly and looks grey and dull. The toxins in your body also cause cellulite. Bones Smoking can cause bones to get weak and brittle, meaning they break more easily.