Geography A. Impact on Geography- Greece is a small area divided by different landforms = different independent states. Mountains 80% of Greece. Olympus in highest peak. Isolate Greeks from each another Seas Aegean, Mediterranean, and Ionia Seas. Greeks became seafarers. Made contact with others by way of sea.

Home to first advanced civilization of Greece.

Minoan Civilization B.C. Bronze Age established on Crete. Knossos palace-named after King Minos-labyrinth, [lábbə rìnth] (maze) a place with a lot of crisscrossing or complicated passages, tunnels, or paths in which it would be easy to become lost. Trade took place here. Knossos was advanced. Probably invaded by Mycenaean’s or destroyed by earthquakes.

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

Mycenae: The First Greek State B.C. A fortified site on the Greek mainland-discovered by Heinrich Schliemann. Monarchs ruled-lived in fortified palace center with Tombs built into hillsides (called tholos). Were warrior people who prided themselves on heroic deeds. Extensive commercial network (trade of goods). Pottery found throughout Med. Area. Homer recounts greatest military adventure-about city of Troy. – Iliad

After Mycenae declined Greece enter a period of lower food production and a population decline, known as Dark Age.

Changes of the Dark Age ( B.C) Some people leave Greece to Asia Minor-came to be called Ionia. 2 groups stayed 1. Aeolian Greeks-North and Central Greece. 2. Dorians-SW Greece and Peloponnese area. Iron for weapons introduced during this time Adopted Phoenician alphabet.

Homer: Poet of the Dark Age Epic poems (long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero) began with Iliad and Odyssey (both written by Homer) Trojan war in both epics. War caused by Paris of Troy. 10 years later built a horse filled with soldiers and took the city of Troy. lliad mostly focused on Achilles and how the anger of Achilles led to disaster. Odyssey tells of Odysseus and his return to his wife. Homer teaches of courage and honor (the strive for excellence- arete)

4-1 Review Bronze-using peoples who lived on Crete Minoans During the Dark Age, some Greeks settled where? In Ionia, part of Asia Minor. Greek history was influenced by what Greek geography? Mountains and seacoast. Body of water that Greeks sailed Aegean Sea The Odyssey, is what type of literature? Epic Poem What do most historians think happened to the Minoan civilization ? Invaded and destroyed by Mycenaeans.

4-1 Review Poet who wrote the Iliad Homer Two major groups who settled within Greece itself were? The Aeolians and Dorians. Means striving for excellence Arete The teachings of Homer included the values of … courage, honor, and excellence.