5.4 Sorghum Agronomy in Ethiopia

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Emergency Preparedness

Advertisements

Rice production.

Water Saving in Rice Cultivation. Rice is a water intensive crop. Preferably it is not grown in areas with scarce groundwater resources It remains popular.

Irrigation techniques in tomato Previous NextEnd.

5.1 Agronomy in Spate Irrigation. AGRONOMY IN SPATE IRRIGATION  Yields in spate irrigation are considerably higher than in rain-fed agriculture  There.

Cultural Practices under INM in Potato Next. Cultural Practices under INM in Potato Introduction Potato is an important crop in India with a harvest of.

Irrigation Water Requirement

Soil Tillage, Land Preparation, and Conservation

Drainage is the artificial removal of water from the cropped fields within the tolerance limit of the crops grown in the area under consideration.

Integrated Crop Pest Management Montana Small Grain Guide.

Adapting agriculture in Africa to climate change by Jens B. Aune Department of International Environment and Development Studies Noragric Norwegian University.

5.3 Sorghum. Sorghum is grown in warm or hot regions that have summer rain-fall, even if rainfall is as low as mm. The most favorable mean temperature.

Module IV: Field Preparation Lesson 1: Field Preparation for Chili Pepper Cultivation After completing one Lesson in this Module, you have learned to answer:

Module IX: Weeds and Weed Control Lesson 2: Weed Control Strategies After completing this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.When the first schedule.

Module VIII: Seeds and Sowing Lesson 3: Sowing of Chili Pepper After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Describe the practiced systems.

Module X: Soil Moisture Relationships and Irrigation Lesson 2: Irrigation in Chili Pepper Cultivation After completing this lesson, you have learned to.

Module X: Soil Moisture Relationships and Irrigation Lesson 1: Soil Moisture Relationships After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer 1.What.

Grain Crops Topic #2085 Josh Miller.

Cropping Practices that Influence Weed Management

Making sure we can handle the extremes! Carolyn Olson, Ph.D. 90 th Annual Outlook Forum February 20-21, 2014.

Introduction Weeds are unwanted plants growing in crops and competing with them for nutrients, water, space, light, etc. Weeds serve as alternate host.

Section:Plant & Soil Science Section:Plant & Soil Science Unit:Soil Management Unit:Soil Management Lesson Title: Use of Cropping Systems for Fertility.

Photos courtesy UCD vegetable RIC Vegetables. 1. What are warm season and cool season vegetables? 2. What are the major vegetable crops grown in your.

Agronomy Weed Plants and Seeds.

Water management Soil and Nutrients Pests and diseases.

. Introduction Rice crop is sensitive to water stress causing reduction in quality and quantity of yield. Therefore management of irrigation is of uttermost.

AGR 3102 Principles of Weed Science Unit 5: Methods of Weed Control Mechanical and Cultural Muhammad Saiful Ahmad Hamdani.

Growing Corn Moldova 2015 The Most Important Thing You Need to Learn at This Seminar!  “As to the methods there may be a million and then some, but.

Next End. The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family.starchytuberouscropperennialSolanumSolanaceae.

SEED PADDY PRODUCTION PROGRAME OF SRI LANKA. Why paddy seed is important Plant healthy and vigorous depend on seed quality. Directly influence to the.

Small Grain Water Use Montana Small Grain Guide. Water - Nitrogen Relationship u Studies show that without adequate Nitrogen, wheat & barley yields increase.

Rice harvesting. When to harvest Harvest at the right time is important because; 1.maximize grain yield, and 2.minimize grain damage and quality deterioration.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing After completing this lesson, you have learned.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 3: Soils and Climatic requirements After completing this lesson, you.

Canola Planting Brad True.

Factor affecting tillage  Crop  Water availability  Prices of fuel  Prices of implement  Seed  Power requirement.

Next End Soil suitability and management for Grapes production.

After successful completion of this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.When the first schedule for weed control activity in sorghum should start? 2.How.

Rangeland Management Before, During, and After Drought Larry D. Howery Rangeland & Forest Resources Program School of Renewable Natural Resources The University.

Water management Soil and Nutrients Pests and diseases.

After successful completion of this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.What characteristics of sorghum contribute to its adaptation to dry conditions?

After successful completion of this Module, you have learned to answer the following questions for each of the 6 crops discussed in this Module: 1. How.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 7: Cropping Systems After completing this lesson, you have learned.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Crop Weather Relationships Module IV: Weather and Plant Growth There are 13 multiple choice questions.

Rice Growing Ecosystems. Classification of Rice Growing Ecosystems Source of water supply Rainfed Irrigated Land and Water management practices Soil condition.

AGRONOMY IN SPATE IRRIGATION 5.1. AGRONOMY IN SPATE IRRIGATION Spate irrigation supports low value agriculture: Uncertainties in timing, number and sizes.

Soybeans!!!. Soil Fertility -pH of 6.2 to 7.0 -pH controls: lime (acid), anhydrous ammonia (base) -Potassium lbs. per acre -Phosphorous -.8 lbs.

After successful completion of this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Why pearl millet cultivation is important? 2.Why pearl millet yields are low.

After completing 3 Units in this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Why weed control is important in pearl millet crop? 2.When is the critical period.

After completing this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Describe the practiced systems of pearl millet sowing? 2.Which system of pearl millet sowing.

After completing this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.When the first schedule for weed control activity in pearl millet should start? 2.How pre-sowing.

After completing this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Why pearl millet yields are often low when grown under rainfed conditions? 2.How irrigation.

After successful completion of this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Why sorghum yields are often low when grown under rainfed conditions? 2.How irrigation.

At the end of this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.How pearl millet is a better crop than other cereal crops like maize, wheat, etc.? 2.How many.

After successful completion of this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Why sorghum cultivation is important? 2.Can sorghum crop yield comparable to.

After successful completion of this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.How pearl millet is a better crop than other cereal crops like maize, wheat,

METHODS OF CROP ESTABLISMENT OF RICE

Nursery Management and Seedling Production

NextEnd IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND TECHNIQUES IN POTATO.

SORGHUM 5.3. Sorghum is grown in warm or hot regions that have summer rain-fall, even if rainfall is as low as mm. The most favorable mean temperature.

IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES IN TOMATO

AGSC 231 Principles of Agronomy Fertilization - I By S.K. Yau, revised April 2010.

IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND TECHNIQUES IN POTATO NextEnd.

Different types of farming

Conservation Tillage. = portion of previous crop residue left unincorporated on soil surface.

AE 152 IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE

Agronomic Crops & Field Management

Gawarawela vidyalaya Sri Lanka

Wheat: Harvest and Review of Steps for Good Wheat Management

Tillage; Anglo-Saxon word

Presentation transcript:

5.4 Sorghum Agronomy in Ethiopia Dr. Ketema Belete, Haramaya University

Agronomic/cultural practices 1.Tillage 2. Seeding methods 3.Fertilizer application 4. Irrigation 5. Weed control 6. Plant protection

Why sorghum? Major cereal in moisture limited areas One of the most drought resistant cereal ‘CROP CAMEL’ In Ethiopia – source of food, fodder, fuel and building material Units of dry matter produced for Crop every 1000 units water consumed Pearl millet 3.64 Sorghum 3.46 Maize 2.88 Wheat 1.93

Agronomic/cultural practices 1. Tillage  Purpose of tillage a. Improvement of soil structure b. Moisture conservation c. Soil aeration d. Root penetration e. Weed control F Seedbed preparation

Agronomic/cultural practices … 2.. Seeding methods 2.1. Planting date - rule of thumb ‘availability of moisture at planting & during the vegetative/reproduction stage & its absence after maturity and at harvest’ 2.2. Planting depth  Depends on seed size & soil type  2.5 to 5cm for sorghum vs 5 to 8cm for maize

Agronomic/cultural practices ... 2.3. Seeding rate/ Row spacing/Planting density  Depends on variety, fertility of soil & moisture  in Ethiopia 5 to 8 kg/ha  in US 7.5 to 12 kg/ha  in Ethiopia 75 x 20cm, 75 x15cm  in US 90 x15cm (rainfed), 75x15cm (spate irr.)  in Ethiopia 67 000 to 90 000 plants/ha  in US 75 000 to 125 000 plants/ha

Plant density In Ethiopia since sorghum is used for fodder is constantly thinned – affecting the total yield This is due to a scarcity of other sources of fodder If intercropped with Labla this could be overcome

Agronomic/cultural practices ... 3 Fertilizer application  in Ethiopia  N and P ( N kg/ha and P2O5kg/ha)  DAP source of N and P at planting  Urea source of N at knee height  Important to have tailor-made applications Economical under dependable rainfall & irrigation In some spate soil natural fertility very high – would not need additional fertilizer – this would in fact even damage the crop

Agronomic/cultural practices ... 4 Weeding/ control of Striga Microscopic seeds that can survive more than 20 yrs Seeds tap into rootstems of sorghum and ‘suck’ it If enough fertilizer/ moisture sorghum will be able to handle striga Approach: Use fertilizer/ moisture Use stryga resistant varieties

Need to think of short duration varieties At the moment most sorghum varieties in Ethiopia are late-maturing This is in line with the practice of rain-fed farming and the year-round multipurpose functions of sorghum In spate irrigated areas – especially in the lowlands where there is no supplementary rainfall - short duration varieties are more useful

Production Statistics of Sorghum Grain in 1998 (Source UN 1999)

Agronomic/cultural practices ... 5. Irrigation - not widely used in Ethiopia for cereal production - stored soil moisture for maximum yield is 50 to 60 cm - preplant irrigation that wets the soil to field capacity to a depth of 2m is best – signifying the importance of adequate moisture conservation - maximum water usage occurs - at boot stage of the plant growth

Amount of water extracted from various depths by a sorghum crop during a growing season (W.M.Ross& O.J.Webster. 1970. Culture and Use of Grain Sorghum)

Daily water use for grain sorghum This is when crops need most water – this can also be provided from conserved moisture and capillary rise (in colder season) In this season no irrigation or rainfall is required – it would only delay the drying of the seed and the harvest

Some effect but not dramatic Interaction of Irrigation and Fertilizer (E.F.Bennett., B.B. Tucker& A. B. Maunder. 1990. Modern Grain Sorghum Production) Some effect but not dramatic

General points Average yield of irrigated sorghum have increased by 82% more than non-irrigated sorghum Moisture needed to produce acceptable yield is approximately 40 to 50 cm Maximum yield requires 50 to 65 cm moisture Roots of sorghum extract soil moisture from up to 2m of soil depth.

Water use by the plant At planting it is needed for good seed to soil content adequate soil moisture proper germination temperature (min. 10oC) the above 3 ensure good stand establishment

Water use by the plant (cont..) At Seedling stage amount of moisture taken up is low availability of sufficient moisture is critical root zone is less than 45 cm, thus deeper soil moisture is not needed soil moisture is not depleted rapidly more moisture is lost by evaporation from soil than transpiration through the crop canopy water conservation practices to minimize soil moisture losses residue management narrow row spacing proper planting date weed control

Water use by the plant (cont..) At rapid growth stage and reproduction stage (Example based on early maturing variety 150 days) starts as of about 30 days after emergence (7 to 8 leaves stage) pick at boot stage and bloom stage (about from 50 to 80 DAE)