Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing After completing this lesson, you have learned.

Published byMartina Morton Modified over 8 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing After completing this lesson, you have learned."— Presentation transcript:

1 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Describe the practiced systems of sorghum sowing? 2.Which system of sorghum sowing you recommend and why? 3.What are the different methods followed in sorghum sowing? 4.What are the implements used in sorghum sowing? 5.What criteria should be followed in determining the amount seed required for sowing? Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Sorghum Production Practices Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Lessons Modules

2 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer: 6.What plant populations are recommended, for sorghum cultivation? 7.What are the steps involved in estimating the required seed to establish a given plant stand? 8.How do you determine the spacing to be followed in sorghum cultivation? 9.How do you determine the suitable conditions for carrying out sorghum sowing in your field? Lesson 3: Sowing of sorghum

3 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Three systems of sorghum sowing are followed: sowing on a flat surface, sowing on a ridge-and-furrow system, sowing on a broadbed-and-furrow system. Sowing on flat surface Ridge and furrow system Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

4 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing When seeds are sown using ridge and furrow system, the seeds are either sown at the bottom of the furrow or on the side or top of the ridge. Planting on the side or top of the ride is practiced in heavy rainfall areas and under irrigated conditions. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

5 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing The broadbed-and-furrow (BBF) system has an advantage over flat sowing in draining off excess water, providing more soil aeration for plant growth, greater in-situ moisture conservation. easier for weeding and mechanical harvesting. Broad-bed and Furrow BBF sown crop Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

6 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing The seeds are sown either by sowing by broadcasting seed manually, Sowing behind country plough using pora, using an improved seed drill which may or may not be fitted with hoppers for fertilizer application, Using mechanical seed drills attached to a tractor. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

7 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Manual sowing by broadcasting the seed is practiced when the area to be sown is small. After broadcasting, the seeds are covered by running a brush harrow. The germination my not be uniform in hand sowing, and so one has to use a higher seed rate to get the optimum plant stand in the field. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

8 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Country seed drill A country seed drill called pora i.e. a wooden hopper attached to a hollow bamboo (Fig.) is used to sow the seeds in the shallow furrows opened by the tines of a country plough. A larger area can be covered with this method of sowing. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

9 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing The best method is to sow the hardened seeds of sorghum at 5 cm depth with seed cum fertilizer drill to ensure uniform depth of sowing and fertilizer application before the onset of monsoon as detailed Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum Seed cum fertilizer drill

10 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Seed rate The amount of seed required per unit area depends on: Optimum plant stand required per unit area Plant type i.e. tall or short plants Weight of seed Quality of seed in terms of germination. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

11 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Seed rate Seed rate should be determined based on the optimum number of plants required in unit area (acre or hectare or sq ft or sq m) for good yields. The optimum plant population for sorghum can vary between 150,000 to 250,000 plants/ha. If the plant population is on the higher side of 150,000 plants, the reduced panicle and seed size is compensated by the higher number of panicles per unit area. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

12 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Seed rate The recommended plant stand for sorghum under normal conditions is 180,000 plants per ha or 15 plants per sq m or 72,000 plants per ac. Under irrigation or high levels of management on highly productive soils, a population of 225,000 plants/ha (100,000 plants per ac) is recommended. On extremely sandy, droughty soils, a population of about 90,000 plants/ha (40,000 plants per ac) is desirable. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

13 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Seed rate For rabi crop, the optimum population should be between 90,000 - 1,35,000/ha (36,000- 55,000/ac). In case the soil moisture is low, it is advisable that the population should be 92,000 per hectare (36,000 per acre) and when the moisture is optimum the plant population should be 1,35,000/ ha (55,000/ac). Under irrigated conditions for summer crop, the optimum plant population should be 1,80,000 plants/ha. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

14 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Estimation of seed quantity per hectare: Given: Sorghum seed with 75% germination, 100- seed mass of 2 g, and the required plant population is 150,000 plants per ha. Step 1 Since the germination percentage is 75, we need to adjust for this deficiency. Number of seeds needed to get 100 seedlings 100 x 100 ------------ = 134 seeds 75 Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

15 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Estimation of seed quantity per hectare: Step 2 To get 100 seedlings, 134 seeds are required, then, the number of seeds required for 150,000 plants: 150,000 x 134 ----------------- = 201,000 seeds 100 Thus, 201,000 seeds are needed to establish 150,000 plants per ha. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

16 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Estimation of seed quantity per hectare: Step 3 The quantity of seeds(seed rate) required for 201,000 seeds, based on 100 seeds weight of 3 g. 201,000 x 3 g ------------------ = 6030 g or 6 kg 100 seeds Thus, 6 kg of seeds are needed per ha to establish 150,00 plants per ha. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

17 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Estimation of seed quantity per hectare: If germination % of seeds is not known, then the seed rate is determined by adding additional 20% of seeds to cover any seed germination problems. Example: Given: Sorghum 100-seed mass of 3 g, and the required plant population is 150,000 plants per ha. Step 1 Based on 100 seed mass of 3 g 3 g X 150,000 plants ------------------------- = 4500 g or 4.5 kg 100 seeds Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

18 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Estimation of seed quantity per hectare: If germination % of seeds is not known, then the seed rate is determined by adding additional 20% of seeds. Step 2 Based on 20% more seed requirement for any seed germination problem i.e 120% required 120 X 4.5 kg --------------------- = 5.4 kg of seed 100 Thus, 5.4 kg of seeds are needed per ha to take care of any seed problem and to establish 150,00 plants per ha. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

19 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Seed rate The seed rate varies from 6 to 15 kg/ha. But the weight of seed planted is not a good measure of population since seed weight varies considerably i.e. 2 to 4 g per 100 seeds among various hybrids and improved varieties. Establishing optimum plant population in unit area is more important than the seed rate. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

20 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Sowing distance The distance between row to row of plants, and plant to plant within a row can be varied depending on the method of sowing. However it should be remembered that the sowing distance determines the optimum plant stand requirement. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

21 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Sowing distance In general, if ridges are formed 45 cm apart, then the plants should be 15 cm apart within a row. If broad bed and furrow method is adopted, then the plant rows will be 60 cm apart on the bed and the distance between plants should be 10 cm to get the optimum population Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

22 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Sowing time The sowing time of sorghum is important aspect in increasing the crop yield. This sowing time is also related with soil moisture and soil temperature, as well as incidence of shoot fly. The rainy season crop (kharif) should be sown immediately after commencement of monsoon and after having adequate moisture in the soil. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

23 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Sowing time The sowing should be completed before 7th July. Early sowing helps in minimum incidence of shoot fly and less damage to the crop. Delayed sowing after first week of July results in reduction of yield due to heavy attack of shoot fly. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

24 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Sowing time The seeds should be sown when there is moisture in the soil up to a depth of 5 to 7.5 cm. If irrigation facility is available, irrigating the field for sowing just before the onset of rainy season and thus advancing the sowing substantially increases sorghum yield. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

25 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Sowing time Rabi crop is sown between 25 September and 15 October. Late sowing beyond October may result in poor germination and plant stand due to low soil temperatures. Also, further growth of sorghum plants will be slowed down at low temperatures. Lesson 3: Sowing of Sorghum

26 Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing With this, the Lesson 3 on Sorghum Sowing Practices, and also this Module on Seeds and Sowing of Sorghum concludes. If you want to check your understanding about seeds and sowing in sorghum, please click “Exercise” button given below. Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Sorghum Production Practices Module 8: Seeds and Sowing Exercise

Download ppt "Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 8: Seeds and Sowing After completing this lesson, you have learned."

Similar presentations

RICE CULTIVATION Introduction : India is an agricultural country. Most of her people are farmers. They produce 3 classes of crops such as Food crops,

RICE CULTIVATION Introduction : India is an agricultural country. Most of her people are farmers. They produce 3 classes of crops such as Food crops,
Rice production.

Rice production.
The adult beetles feed on the leaves of trees like Neem and Acacia during nights. They are small reddish brown beetles. The female adults enter into the.

The adult beetles feed on the leaves of trees like Neem and Acacia during nights. They are small reddish brown beetles. The female adults enter into the.
Module IV: Field Preparation Lesson 1: Field Preparation for Chili Pepper Cultivation After completing one Lesson in this Module, you have learned to answer:

Module IV: Field Preparation Lesson 1: Field Preparation for Chili Pepper Cultivation After completing one Lesson in this Module, you have learned to answer:
Module IX: Weeds and Weed Control Lesson 2: Weed Control Strategies After completing this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.When the first schedule.

Module IX: Weeds and Weed Control Lesson 2: Weed Control Strategies After completing this Lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.When the first schedule.
Module VIII: Seeds and Sowing Lesson 3: Sowing of Chili Pepper After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Describe the practiced systems.

Module VIII: Seeds and Sowing Lesson 3: Sowing of Chili Pepper After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Describe the practiced systems.
Module V: Chili Pepper Plant Nutrition Unit 3: Potassium Nutrition Lesson 2: Importance of Primary Nutrients After completing this Unit, you will be able.

Module V: Chili Pepper Plant Nutrition Unit 3: Potassium Nutrition Lesson 2: Importance of Primary Nutrients After completing this Unit, you will be able.
Module VII: Cropping Systems for Chili Pepper Cultivation

Module VII: Cropping Systems for Chili Pepper Cultivation
Module VII: Cropping Systems for Chili Pepper Cultivation Lesson 3: Transplanting Chili Pepper After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer:

Module VII: Cropping Systems for Chili Pepper Cultivation Lesson 3: Transplanting Chili Pepper After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer:
Module X: Soil Moisture Relationships and Irrigation Lesson 2: Irrigation in Chili Pepper Cultivation After completing this lesson, you have learned to.

Module X: Soil Moisture Relationships and Irrigation Lesson 2: Irrigation in Chili Pepper Cultivation After completing this lesson, you have learned to.
Tomato is an important commercial vegetable crop grown on large scale in India. It gives good profit to the farmer. The tomato seeds are costly and small,

Tomato is an important commercial vegetable crop grown on large scale in India. It gives good profit to the farmer. The tomato seeds are costly and small,
Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 1: Importance of Groundnut Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut After successful.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 1: Importance of Groundnut Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut After successful.
. Introduction Rice crop is sensitive to water stress causing reduction in quality and quantity of yield. Therefore management of irrigation is of uttermost.

. Introduction Rice crop is sensitive to water stress causing reduction in quality and quantity of yield. Therefore management of irrigation is of uttermost.
Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut After successful.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Lesson 2: Growth of Groundnut Plant Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module I: About Groundnut After successful.
Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Pearl Millet Production Practices Module V Pearl Millet Plant Nutrition There are 6 multiple choice.

Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Pearl Millet Production Practices Module V Pearl Millet Plant Nutrition There are 6 multiple choice.
Next End. The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family.starchytuberouscropperennialSolanumSolanaceae.

Next End. The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family.starchytuberouscropperennialSolanumSolanaceae.
Introduction System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is special method of rice cultivation originally developed at Madagascar in 1983. SRI is a combination.

Introduction System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is special method of rice cultivation originally developed at Madagascar in SRI is a combination.
Module XII: Sweet Sorghum

Module XII: Sweet Sorghum
Course on Pearl Millet Production Practices

Course on Pearl Millet Production Practices
Introduction Fruity vegetables are propagated by seeds, include Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli and Capsicum. The seedlings are grown in nursery so as to attain.

Introduction Fruity vegetables are propagated by seeds, include Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli and Capsicum. The seedlings are grown in nursery so as to attain.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google