Dr Alireza Gharagozlou Mojgan Hejrani Diarjan Spatial Analysis of noise pollution in Urban Development Plans (A case study about City Highways, Tehran) Dr Alireza Gharagozlou Dr. Parvin Nasiri Nasim Rahmati Mojgan Hejrani Diarjan 2010

Noise Pollution Noise pollution is the fundamental problems of our world Most cities are all sources of noise pollution Several factors are causing noise pollution from activities including industrial, commercial, flight, road traffic, construction, moving trains and ... while operating in country, most pollution sources are cars and motorcycles The most common sources of noise pollution due to highway traffic and increase high-speed vehicles

Standards table about Noise Quantity in Different Environment in Iran Night 22-7 dB(A) Day 7-22 Type of Region, 45 55 Residential 50 60 Commercial and Residential 65 Commercial 70 Residential and Industrial 75 Industrial

project Results of this study: Determine the exact amount of the noise pollution to surrounding areas of highway has exceeded its pollution been identified GIS capabilities while presenting relevant analysis and about information collected and offer planning suggestions in the area

Situation of Study Area Sadr Highway is located in northern Tehran that stretches from East to West During this highway about 6 km and its width is 40 m Sadr Highway From north and south between the two regions (DISTRICT1 and DISTRICT3) is located A regional population in 2009 reached about 450,000 people

Geo-referenced data and satellite images were prepared for the process under study and analysis include: 1- Digital map of Tehran separated regions and population and Digital maps of studied districts of Tehran 1:10,000 produced by Tehran Municipality 2-Satellite image of Tehran (the Sadr Highway) 3-Digital Map at 1:25000 scale production of National Cartographic Center of Iran 4- GPS control points (Filed measurement)

Measurement Review and determine the existing user of highway and measure noise pollution from traffic (equivalent sound level (db)A and noise levels, Lmin, Lmax) using the sound meter B & K model 2236 Many visits the highway along the way and identify areas and marginal layer of the path density areas (residential, educational, medical and ...) At the stations into some area and streets leading to it different distances 20, 40 and 1 meters noise were determined Condition of noise in each station using the sound meter and GPS device location maps and laser meter were determined code, address, and station coordinates and noise parameters has been determined

Measurement 83 stations to measure the amount of noise pollution were selected values level equivalent Sound pressure (dB) Networks A weight two times a day and night at intervals of 1 and 20 and 40 meters was measured highway The results show the average level equivalent to a day with average level equivalent (Leq) to night has difference, so measuring future noise levels (dB), Lmax (dB) and Lmin (dB) at different times day Networks A weight at all stations were assessed Average level equivalent value defined by the Department of Environment for different urban applications and areas surrounding highway

Data Base The location of noise pollution measurement stations, audio data or average sound level (leq) measured was added to the database in GIS and were identified the existing highway around where have more than Standards dB of noise on the region Since a sound wave will be released in the air and away from the sound source (highway) Noise level is reduced using a formula, so noise levels according to distance from a linear source the Proper model was prepared for calculating Noise buffer and was set sound pollution levels around the highway

Measurement An Example of Parameters Lmin(dB)A Lmax(dB)A تراز فشار صدا SPL(dB)A average level equivalent Leq(dB)A No. 73 83 78.6 77.5 1 77 85 82.3 2 76 80 78.7 78.1 3 76.7 4 75 82 78.2 77.8 5 81 77.6 77.4 6 79.3 7 61 67 61.4 65.3 8 74 86 81.1 81.3 9 65 70.8 70.4 10

Sadr Highway

Sadr Highway

STABILA LD500 22336 Sound Meter B&K GPSMAP 60CSX, GPS

Digital Map of Sadr Highway

Location of Measuring Stations

intensity of sound detection by Using measuring stations and Spatial Analysis

Analysis of noise Pollution around highway

Noise Pollution Buffer

Valuation of Noise Pollution Buffer

Noise Modeling Using 3D Analysis and Spatial Classification

  Location of schools in bounds buffer of noise pollution

Location of residential areas in bounds buffer of noise pollution

Location of Parks and Gardens in bounds buffer of noise pollution

Location of universities and Cultural Centers in bounds buffer of noise pollution An Example of a noise map created with GIS The map shows the noise level data around Highways  

Position of schools in noise critical area

Location of universities in noise critical area

Average equivalent level (dB) measured in Distance of 1 and 20 and 40 meters from Highway Average equivalent level (dB) A day in Time Average equivalent level (dB) A night in Time Position of sensing stations sound 78.6 77.03 1m far from highway 68.4 69.1 20m far from highway 70.41 69.6 40m far from highway

An example of measured parameters in stations NO ا Leq(dB)A SPL(dB)A Lmin(dB)A Lmax(dB)A 1 77.5 78.6 73 83 2 82.3 77 85 3 78.1 78.7 76 80 4 76.7 5 77.8 78.2 75 82 6 77.4 77.6 81

Comparison of average equivalent sound level (dB) A in Day and Night time

Comparison of average equivalent sound level (dB) A in Day and Night time with separation distance

Spatial Statistics Levels and Sound Pressure Level Comparison of average equivalent sound level (dB) A in Day time with separation distance Classification in GIS Spatial Statistics Levels and Sound Pressure Level

noise intensity interpolation of measuring stations by 3D Analysis and overlay with comprehensive Development Plans

Conclusion Noise pollution is a serious environmental problem in many cities and GIS help us to monitor the problem GIS help to improve the monitoring of such environmental issues by contributing the noise mapping of city According to calculations made based on the measurements performed at intervals from Highway and the maps obtained in GIS the proper amount of space surrounding land uses to highway was estimated, in 48 stations above 75dB noise pollution that most of these places next to highway (less than 1 meter) is located The areas around the highway, residential, schools, buildings, universities, parks and green spaces are, so a member of must be given on noise pollution showed around the highway

Conclusion Analysis Comprehensive Urban Development Plans with attention to Noise Distribution around Highways For Example with regard to the 16 schools in the study area, school rituals and the School of Science and Technology are the order of a load noise pollution The results of analysis of spatial map buffer on residential regions, shows that residential homes be widespread and abundant around the highway and noise pollution area with noise more than national standards  

Conclusion For example the results of analysis about location of universities in the region shows that Payam-e-noor University and Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch, respectively, between Highway 25 and 50 meters with noise pollution at 79 and 73 dB are located With attention to standards of Noise pollution about educational centers and universities need to control procedures and management and future development plans about educational centers

Conclusion Spatial analysis of the location of schools, residential areas, universities and green spaces under noise pollution effect, and using noise maps are recommended With regard to the criteria of architectural spaces to protect against noise pollution should be used Also Absorbent materials in building, walls and sealing doors and two partitions windows is recommended to use building materials in construction residential homes and hospitals and schools and universities in buffers that are under noise pollution more than standards Location of crisis positions of noise pollution were determined by using GIS analysis in the study area and presented for future planning

Conclusion Using double insulation, sound absorbent materials in indoor decoration, such as false ceilings and walls, floor and carpet and interior design to reduce vibration and noise control in the some at sensory buildings in critical points are suggested (GIS help us to produce kinds of maps )

Conclusion Dense planting appropriate vegetation in the surrounding highway of planting rows of trees, especially acacia, lime and hazelnut trees in noise reduction are very effective (with low vegetation within 30 m sound to approximately 5 dB reduces the amount) •Construction of sound walls over the highway with their emphasis on beautification •Construction of the new instruments and observing privacy highway to reduce noise pollution in receiving a minimum distance of 125 meters from highway •Recommended council district 1 and 3 during a specific program plan to purchase homes or change usage of buildings and follow the standard minimum distance from the center of highway (125 to the input residential housing)