From Democritus to Today’s Modern Theory

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Presentation transcript:

From Democritus to Today’s Modern Theory The History of the Atom From Democritus to Today’s Modern Theory

Democritus 400 BC Proposed that all matter is made up of atoms. Thought atoms were small, hard particles of different shapes and sizes. Coined the term ‘Atom’ From the Greek word meaning ‘Can not be divided.’

An Apothecary in his Laboratory

Alchemists First ‘Chemists’ around 900 AD First to include observation and experimentation with pure thought methods of science.

Antoine Lavoisier

Lavoisier 1785 Authored the Law of Conservation of Mass Did experiments to prove that matter does not disappear during a chemical reaction. ‘Matter can not be created or destroyed, it can only be rearranged.’

John Dalton

Dalton Father of Modern Atomic Theory 1800’s All matter consists of atoms with space in between. Atoms of the same kind of element are identical to each other. There are as many different kinds of atoms as there are different elements. Atoms are solid spheres. ‘Billiard Ball Model’

Billiard Ball Model

J J Thomson

Thomson 1904 Inferred that atoms contain small negatively charged particles. He called them ‘electrons.’ He thought the electrons were dispersed throughout a positively charged sphere. ‘Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough Model’

Cookie Dough Model

Ernest Rutherford

Rutherford 1911 Famous Gold Foil Experiment Discovered and named the ‘nucleus’ of the atom. Proposed that most of the mass and all of the positive charges of an atom are in its nucleus. ‘Peach Pit Model’

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

Peach Pit Model

Niels Bohr

Bohr 1913 Concluded that electrons travel in fixed orbits around the nucleus based on the amount of energy they contain. He called the ‘orbits’ Energy Levels. ‘Solar System Model’

Bohr Model

Erwin Schrodinger and Werner Heisenberg

Schrodinger and Heisenburg 1926 Scientists described the electron region of the atom as a cloud around the nucleus. This cloud area shows that electrons do not orbit the nucleus in definite paths, but are likely to be in a given region at any particular time. ‘Modern Electron Cloud Model’

Modern Electron Cloud Model

James Chadwick

Chadwick 1932 Worked with E. Rutherford in the discovery of a third sub-atomic particle. He concluded this particle to be free of electrical charge and he called it the ‘neutron.’ Concluded it was located in the nucleus along with the protons.

Chadwick’s Discovery of the Neutron

Today’s Newest Members:

Quarks and Leptons Particles within particles. Protons and Neutrons are made of Quarks: Up Down Strange Top Charm Bottom Electrons are a small thin type of Lepton.

And now you know the rest of the story!! The End.