GCSE Physical Education The Effect of Lifestyle on the Cardiovascular System

Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson pupils should: The need for rest and recovery time The impact of diet on the cardiovascular system, in particular how it can effect blood pressure and cholesterol The effects of recreational drugs

Rest

Rest Rest - the period of time allotted to recovery Rest is essential to recovery and to allow the body to adapt Specifically, rest allows the heart to grow in size and thickness and for the number of capillaries to increase

Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Factors that may have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system and increase the risk of coronary heart disease include: High cholesterol Recreational drugs Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise Stress

High Cholesterol

High Cholesterol Cholesterol is a fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins Lipoprotein come in two forms: High density lipoprotein (HDL) Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Contains more protein than fat and is referred to as ‘good cholesterol’ Carries cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver, which removes it from the body Foods rich in HDL include fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Consists mainly of fat and is known as ‘bad cholesterol’ Is the major cause of cholesterol in the blood, and can lead to a build-up of plaque which can restrict blood flow in the arteries Blockages in the blood vessels mean that the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body, resulting in an increase in blood pressure

High Cholesterol

High Cholesterol High cholesterol can be caused by a diet high in LDL, such as saturated fat (bad fat). Cholesterol only becomes a problem when the level in the blood is too high More cholesterol than the body needs can cause a build up of fatty deposits (plaque) in the arteries and lead to heart problems This can increase the risk of coronary heart disease

Recreational Drugs

Recreational Drugs Nicotine raises blood pressure because they release adrenaline. Adrenaline constricts the arteries and causes the heart to beat faster Tobacco smoke is a major risk of heart disease. Smoking lowers HDL (‘good cholesterol’) and increases chance of blood clotting Some people have to take prescription drugs to control blood pressure

Sedentary Lifestyle & Lack of Exercise

Sedentary Lifestyle & Lack of Exercise Inactivity means that the cardiovascular system does not receive the benefits of exercise Sedentary living is also believed to be one of the main reasons for increasing rates of obesity Sedentary living involves sitting and a lack of exercise

Stress

Stress The stress that may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease is different to the stress felt before a competition or while taking an exam Negative stress builds up over time and can affect the cardiovascular system by leading to an increase in blood pressure and elevated heart rate It can also lead to depression and mood swings

Learning Objectives (Revisited) By the end of this lesson pupils should: The need for rest and recovery time The impact of diet on the cardiovascular system, in particular how it can effect blood pressure and cholesterol The effects of recreational drugs

Any questions, please do not hesitate to ask Thank you Any questions, please do not hesitate to ask