THE SPANISH WEST AND SOUTHWEST

Teacher RESPECT Student

WARM - UP  Name a few examples of times when mixing people of different cultures led to conflict

Ms. Bernstein 9 th Grade US History II EXPANDING WEST

1810

 Made up by California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas – all owned by Spain  Capital: Santa Fe  Missions: the center of colonial life in New Spain NORTHERN NEW SPAIN

 Missions: the center of colonial life in New Spain  Purpose: Used for religious purposes – to save pagan souls by converting them to Catholicism  American Indians lived on and worked the land under the supervision Catholic Priests  Supported themselves with no outside help into the 1800’s MISSIONS

California  21 missions in California between San Diego to San Francisco  No more than one day’s travel between missions Texas  40 missions  Mission system weaker in Texas than in California  Missions located far apart from one another MISSIONS

 Which groups do you predict will have problems with one another?

 Excessive fighting between settlers and Indians caused fewer Spanish settlers to go to Texas  Problem?  Solution: Spanish government offered land grants to settlers  Tejanos: Spanish settlers who lived in southern Texas TEXAS

 September 1810  Led by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla  80,000 poor American Indians and mestizos in Mexico joined in revolt against Spanish rule MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE

 1811 – rebels defeated and Father Hidalgo killed  1821 – rebellion continued under Agustin de Iturbide and defeated the Spanish  Gain independence – included land from Texas to California MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE

 Stephen F. Austin – hired by the Mexican government to bring people to Texas  Austin selected a colony site on the lower Colorado River and brought over 300 families to the area – these people were known as the “Old Three Hundred” TEXAS AND MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE

 Mexico set requirements for foreign immigrants – they had to become Mexican citizens, follow Mexican laws, and obey the Roman Catholic Church  By 1833, Texas wanted independence from Mexico, but Mexico refuses and passes laws to further alienate Texans  Austin calls for Texans to rebel TEXAS AND MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE