Sports Injuries Lab Day
Questions to ask What happened? (this helps to determine if the injury is acute or chronic) Where does it hurt? Scale from 1 to 10 of intensity of pain Have you done this before?
Possible Shoulder Injuries - Dislocation Acute – fell on shoulder, external force while shoulder was abducted, externally rotated, and hyperextended Head of humerus is forced out of glenoid fossa Signs/Symptoms: tenderness, athlete felt shoulder “slip out of place”, pain can be felt around the deltoid tuberosity
Ouch
Immediate Treatment PIER Sling – immobilize in the position the athlete was found in (most comfortable) Dislocation requires medical attention to get it put back in place
Long Term Care Rest Physiotherapy Strenghening of rotator cuff muscles 4-6 months before they can return to play
Separation Acute: Clavicle has become separated from the acromion 65% of all shoulder injuries in NHL Signs/Symptoms: tenderness, weakness on resisted abduction while in a cross-flexed position (palm on opposite shoulder)
Immediate Treatment PIER Support ligament with a sling or tensor Can use stretch tape to pull clavicle down
Long Term Care Strengthen upper trapezius and deltoid May need surgery but there has been little success Educate – if injured playing a contact sport, learn how to take a hit
Tendinitis Chronic – overuse injury Inflammation of biceps brachii tendon Signs/Symptoms: pain at the proximal end of the biceps, elbow flexion may be painful
Immediate Treatment PIER Use ice to bring inflammation down Stop activities that are causing pain
Long Term Care Strengthen rotator cuff muscles Eccentric stretching Biomechanical corrections
Rotator Cuff Tear Could be chronic or acute Involves one or all four SITS muscles Signs/Symptoms: difficulty with abduction, lateral, and medial rotation of the shoulder
Immediate Treatment PIER Refrain from activities that are causing pain
Long Term Care Strengthen rotator cuff muscles Surgical intervention: cut coracoacromial ligament or surgically repair the tear
Knee Injuries – ACL tear ACL = anterior cruciate ligament Acute: Many different ways to injure Most common: rapid rotation of the lower leg e.g. Making a cut in football or basketball Signs/Symptoms: a “pop” sound, knee may feel “dislocated”, tight hamstrings (they protect the ACL)
Immediate Treatment PIER Crutches Immobilizing splint
Long Term Care Surgery Brace support for one year + Proprioception training for muscle recruitment
Patellofemoral Syndrome Chronic – uneven tracking of the patella on the femur Aggravated by sports like running, volleyball, and basketball Signs/Symptoms: grinding sensation when flexing/extending the knee, pain around patella
Immediate Treatment PIER Find mechanical cause and correct it – weak hip abductors, tight ITB, tight quads
Long Term Care Neoprene sleeve to assist tracking Stretching Strengthen certain quad muscles (vastus medialis) Loosen ITB – massage, physical manipulation
Ankle Injuries – Inversion and Eversion Sprains Acute: rolling over your ankle (inversion), sole of the foot forcibly turned outward (eversion) Signs/Symptoms: pain on reproducing inversion/eversion or might have heard a tearing or popping sound
Immediate Treatment Ice Tape Elevation Pressure Crutches
Long Term Care Rest Air-cast Rehabilitation exercises: wobble board, standing balance (with closed eyes), walking from one uneven surface to another
Why tape an injury? To prevent further injury To manage an acute injury (support and pressure) Allow the athlete to return to sport (if injury is mild enough)