Results of Kern Method Basic Kinematic Details Group No. Tube Side Velocity (m/s) Number of Tubes Shell Diameter length STHX (m) Ds/L 1 2 3 4 5.

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Presentation transcript:

Results of Kern Method

Basic Kinematic Details Group No. Tube Side Velocity (m/s) Number of Tubes Shell Diameter length STHX (m) Ds/L

Performance Details Group No. Number of Tubes Tube side Re Shell side Re Tube side h (W/m 2.K) Shell side h (W/m 2.K)

Performance Details Group No. Tube side  p, Pa Shell side  p, kPa U clean U fouled

Actual Shell Side Heat Transfer Coefficient : Bell-Delaware Method P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Five corrections to Cross Flow Heat Transfer…..

Shell-side heat transfer coefficient Where h i is heat transfer coefficient for ideal cross flow past a tube bank. J c : Segmental baffle window correction factor J l : Correction factors for baffle leakage effects for heat transfer J b : Correction factors for bundle bypass effects for heat transfer J s : Heat transfer correction for unequal baffle spacing at inlet and/or outlet. J r : correction factor for adverse temperature gradient in laminar flow

Heat transfer coefficient for Ideal Cross Flow

Area for Ideal Cross Flow

Selection of Shell Diameter A simple but reasonably accurate correlation was developed by Bell’s Group for single pass. CL is tube layout constant, CL =0.87 for 30º and 60º layouts or CL=1.0 for 45º and 90º layouts. For multipass arrangement, a correction factor ψ n must be used to account for the decrease of tube count due to tube pass

Where Shell-Side Reynolds Number

Coefficients of Correlations

Baffle Geometry

Segmental baffle window correction factor, J c

Segmental Baffle Cut Geometry Segmental baffle cut height :L bch

Recommended segmental baffle cut values

J l : Correction factors for baffle leakage effects for heat transfer S sb is the shell-to-baffle leakage area. S tb is the tube-to-baffle hole leakage area. S m is the cross flow area at the bundle centerline

Shell-to-baffle leakage area The shell-to-baffle leakage area within the circle segment occupied by the baffle is calculated as: L sb is the diametral leakage clearance between the shell diameter and the baffle diameter, D b.

Tube-to-baffle hole leakage area for one baffle The total tube-to-baffle leakage area within one baffle is S tb.

Correction factors for bundle bypass effects for heat transfer J b, and pressure drop R b L ptl =0 for single pass

Unequal Baffle Spacing

Heat transfer correction for unequal baffle spacing at inlet and/or outlet, J s n is approximately a constant, found to be 0.6 for laminar flow and for turbulent flow. If L * is larger than 2, it would be considered poor design, especially if combined with low N b. In such cases an annular distributor or other measures should be used.

Heat transfer correction factor for adverse temperature gradient in laminar flow where N c is the total number of tube rows crossed in the entire heat exchanger:

Shell side Fluid Flow in STHE