Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Substances, Compounds & Mixtures
Advertisements

An atom –smallest basic unit of matter
Protons, electrons, and neutrons
- + Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) Sodium Chloride NaCl
Atomic Structure & Chemical Bonds
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES KATINA PECK. 3 CATEGORIES OF MATTER Elements Compounds Mixtures Cu H2OH2O Pizza.
Section 2: Combinations of Atoms
Section 2: Combinations of Atoms
1 Combining and Breaking Down Substances. 2 Compounds & Mixtures:  What happens when you combine two or more substances? 1. Compounds – is a substance.
What is a Chemical Bond? A chemical bond is a force holding two or more atoms together to form a molecule.
Tech Notes: Why Atoms Combine  Molecule and Compound:  Two or more atoms chemically combined  Have completely different properties than those of the.
ESCS Review. Composition of Matter (Review) Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass – the quantity of matter an object has (the same.
Substances, Compounds & Mixtures How everything is put together.
SNC 1D1 – Putting Atoms Together (Synthesis) Molecules most substances are not made up of individual atoms. they are made up of molecules. a molecule is.
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures 3 KINDS OF MATTER Elements Compounds Mixtures.
SPONCH What is SPONCH? SPONCH S= Sulfur P= Phosphorus O= Oxygen N= Nitrogen C= Carbon H= Hydrogen 6 most important elements to life.
Chemical Bonds & Reactions Chemical Bond A force of attraction that holds two atoms together involves the sharing or transfer of valence electrons.
Atoms, Elements, & Compounds Biology II D. Mitchell.
Ions and Ionic Bonding. Atoms that lose their valence electrons to another atom, the valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another. This.
CHEMICAL BONDS. CHEMICAL BONDING I Constructing Molecular Models What limited the number of “atoms” you could connect? Black – 4, Red – 2, White - 1.
 Define these words  Ion  Ionic bond  Ionic compound  Chemical formula  Subscript  Covalent bond.
Compounds & Molecules Review: What is an atom? Smallest unit of matter that has the same defined properties Name the 3 subatomic particles that make up.
CH2 Sec1 Matter and Substances. Everything is made up of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
CHAPTER 2 - CHEMISTRY  2-1: Composition of Matter  2-2: Energy  2-3: Water + Solutions.
The Atom - Atoms react or not depending on its electron structure. - All atoms desire to have a full outer electron shell. - Metals will lose e - and nonmetals.
Main Idea: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.
 Describe how particles are arranged in mixtures.  Describe three properties of mixtures.  Describe four methods of separating the parts of a mixture.
The Chemistry of Life Or Biochemistry Atoms, Molecules, Compounds, Chemical Bonds.
BASIC CHEMISTRY I thought this was biology? Objective: 1.To Understand what causes chemical bonds 2.To be able to read an equation 3.To Understand polarity.
Ch 2.1 Elements combine to form compounds. Compounds have different properties from elements Elements have individual properties that help us identify.
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Chapter 3 Section 2.
Ch 2.1 Elements combine to form compounds
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Chapter 2.1 Part 2 Elements By Sherry Totten.
Covalent and Ionic Bonding
Substances, Compounds & Mixtures
Substances Matter that has the same composition and properties throughout is called a substance. When different elements combine, other substances are.
Substances, Compounds & Mixtures
Atoms, Molecules, Elements, and Compounds
How are Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Similar? Different?
How Elements Form Compounds
Lesson 2.1: Basic Chemistry
Chemical Compounds And Bonds
Chemistry.
Chemical Compounds And Bonds
Earth Science Chapter 3 Section 2
Types of Matter Section 3.2.
Substances, Compounds & Mixtures
Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
Section 2: Combinations of Atoms
Biology Basic Chemistry.
Substances, Compounds & Mixtures
Composition of Matter Matter - Everything in the universe is composed of matter Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass Mass – quantity of.
Section 2: Combinations of Atoms
How do elements bond?.
Living things consist of atoms of different elements.
Covalent Bonds When Atoms Share.
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Biology Basic Chemistry.
Biology Basic Chemistry.
Chemical Bonding 176.
Chemical Bonds.
Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
Unit 1: Matter Bonding Mr. Le Fall 2018.
Substances, Compounds & Mixtures
Presentation transcript:

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

3 KINDS OF MATTER Elements Compounds Mixtures

Elements All (living and nonliving) of the different kinds of matter in the universe is made from about 100 different substances, called elements. Elements are called the building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of elements. Each element is made up of the same type of atoms.

Compounds A compound is a substance made of two or more different kinds of elements chemically combined in a specific ratio. Each compound is represented by a formula that uses symbols to identify which elements are present. A formula shows the ratio of elements in the compound. H2O – ratio of Hydrogen is 2:1 Oxygen

The symbols make up the formula The symbols make up the formula. A formula is just chemical shorthand for the compound. The subscript lets us know how many atoms are present. The coefficient lets us know how many molecules are present.

Compounds

Molecules A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. Diatomic molecules are made of two atoms of the same element. Hydrogen – H2 Oxygen – O2

What is the difference between a compound and a molecule? A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element. Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are compounds because each is made from more than one element.

Molecule The smallest bit of each of these substances would be referred to as a molecule. For example, a single molecule of molecular hydrogen is made from two atoms of hydrogen. A single molecule of water is made from two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

Mixtures Most matter in the universe is found in mixtures. A mixture is made from two or more substances either elements, compounds or both - that are not chemically combined.

Mixtures and compounds differ in two ways… Substances in a mixture keep their individual properties. Parts of a mixture are not necessarily present in specific ratios.

Compound A compound has properties different than the elements that make it up. The parts of a compound are present in specific ratio’s.

Compounds and Mixtures Most of the matter around you is in the form of compounds or mixtures. Water, carbon dioxide, salt, vinegar, baking soda, lye, sugar, gasoline, and bleach are all chemical compounds.

Heterogeneous Mixture A mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished. Pizza, dry soup, chex mix, trail mix are all examples.

Solutions Homogeneous mixture: is a substance in which two or more substances are uniformly spread out. For example salt water. Solution is another term for homogeneous mixture.

Solutions Solute is the substance being dissolved. Solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute. Solubility is the amount of a substance (solute) that will dissolve in a solvent.

Example Salt water: The water is the solvent NaCl is the solute

Colloids and Suspensions A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture that like a solution never settles. Milk and smoke are examples. One way to tell a colloid from a solution is because milk is appears white because its particles scatter light. Called the Tyndall Effect.

suspension A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. River water

NaCl is the formula for salt

Water is H2O An oxygen atom can bond with two hydrogen atoms to make a molecule we call water. Water is an example of a compound, because it contains more than one kind of atom. The formula for water is H2O, meaning there are two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom.

Carbon Dioxide CO2 Carbon dioxide molecules are made from one carbon and two oxygen atoms joined together by covalent bonds. The chemical symbol is CO2.

Glucose - C6H12O6

Molecule When a compound is broken down into its’ smallest piece it is called a molecule. You should be able to write the formula for the following: Water Oxygen Carbon Dioxide

DNA Is a large molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous.

Kinetic theory of matter The idea that all matter is made up of constantly moving tiny particles.

Elements form compounds to try to fill their outer energy level with valence electrons. This is called chemically stable. If the atom is not chemically stable it will lose, share, or gain electrons. A chemical bond is the force that holds together the atoms in a substance.

Ion An Ion is an atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged. A When an atom loses an electron it loses a negative charge and becomes a positive ion. When an atom gains an electron, it gains a negative charge and becomes a negative ion.

Forming an Ionic Bond: . Sodium has one valence electron and transfers that electron to chlorine Na + Cl- the negative and positive electrical charges attract each other so the oppositely charged ions come together and form sodium chloride (salt).

An ionic bond is the attraction between two oppositely charged ions An ionic bond is the attraction between two oppositely charged ions. This attraction is similar to the attraction between opposite poles of two magnets. .

When two ions come together the opposite charges cancel out. Compounds are electrically neutral. When the ions come together they do so in a way that balances out the charges on the ions

Molecules and Covalent Bonds The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons is known as a covalent bond.