BIOENERGY AND BIOREFINERY RESEARCH IN THE ENERGY THEME OF FP7 Jeroen Schuppers European Commission Directorate-General for Research

Households and services Energy end-use (EU-15, 2002) 375 Mtoe (39%) Households and services (39%) Transport (28%) Industry (33%) 269 Mtoe (28%) 313 Mtoe (33%)

Renewable energy sources in the energy supply (EU-15, 2002)

Bioenergy Biomass for electricity generation Highest greenhouse gas benefits Biomass for heating Most competitive Biomass for transport fuels Highest contribution to energy security Biomass will be promoted in all three sectors

Biofuels in the EU-15 EurObserv’ER 2006

Biofuels: current trend White Paper Current trend millions of tons oil equivalent EurObserv’ER 2006

Current Biofuels Production 2003, in million tonnes EU 25 bioethanol biodiesel World Source: Biofuels Barometer June 2004

How much bioenergy can Europe produce without harming the environment How much bioenergy can Europe produce without harming the environment? European Environmental Agency report 2006 To reach the European renewable energy target in 2010, an estimated 150 Mtoe of biomass is needed Environmentally-compatible primary biomass potential: 190 Mtoe in 2010 increasing to around 295 Mtoe in 2030 In the short-term, the largest potential for bioenergy comes from the biowaste streams with around 100 Mtoe. Forestry is able to provide around 40 MtOE In the long-term, bioenergy crops from agriculture provide the largest potential.

Bioenergy Strategy for Europe: An impulse to research Support research into the optimisation of agricultural and woody crops for energy purposes, and biomass to energy conversion processes Give a high priority to research into the “bio-refinery” concept, finding valuable uses for all parts of the plant Give a high priority to research into second-generation biofuels, with the aim of improving their efficiency and cost-effectiveness Encourage the development of an industry-led “Biofuels Technology Platform” and other relevant platforms

Biofuels Technology Platform Launched on 8 June 2006 in Brussels Mission: “Contribute to the development of cost-competitive world-class biofuels technologies, to the creation of a healthy biofuels industry and to accelerate the deployment of biofuels in the European Union through a process of guidance, prioritisation and promotion of research, development and demonstration.” Involvement of many different stakeholders Clear focus on biomass conversion to transport fuels

Biofuel Technology Platform: stakeholders Forestry Agriculture Industry (sugar, paper) Platform Car & truck manufacturers Biofuel producers Research institutes Fossil fuel producers & distributors Universities Bioenergy associations

Vision Report By 2030, the European Union covers one fourth of its road transport fuel needs by clean and CO2-efficient biofuels. A substantial part is provided by a competitive European industry. This significantly decreases the EU fossil fuel import dependence. Biofuels are produced using sustainable and innovative technologies, creating opportunities for biomass providers, biofuel producers and the automotive industry

Biofuels Technology Platform Biomass Resources Conversion Processes Product Distribution & Use Markets & Regulations Steering Committee Secretariat Mirror Group Sustainability Assessment

Anticipated future roadmap 2005 2010 2020 2050 Improving present processes («1st generation») EtOH, ETBE, FAME, FAEE EtOH, F-T Diesel, DME («2nd generation») from lignocellulosic biomass Integrated biorefinery complexes

FP6 projects, DG Research Funding (not including demonstration actions) ~81 M€ Bio-fuels for transport 34 % Bio-refineries 18 % Gasification and H2 production 23 % Bio-residues and energy crops 5 % Combustion 10 % Others

Clean hydrogen-rich synthesis gas CHRISGAS Objectives: to develop a large scale biomass gasification process to produce clean hydrogen-rich gas which can be used for the production of transport fuels. Key research facility: Biomass fuelled pressurized IGCC plant in Värnamo, Sweden Coordinator: Växjö University, Sweden Start: 01/09/2004 Duration: 60 months EU support: 9.5 M€ http://www.chrisgas.com Total EC founding this call: 41.5M€ NoE: BIOENERGY. Overcoming barriers to the development of bio-energy production systems by technology development and implementation, policy actions and market strategies. Total cost: 24M€. EC contribution: 8M€ IP: CHISGAS. Develop and optimise an energy efficient and cost-effective method to produce hydrogen-rich gases from biomass. This gas can be upgraded to commercial quality hydrogen or to systhesis gas for further upgrading to liquid fuels such as DME and methanol or Fischer- Tropsch diesel. Total cost: 19M€. EC contribution: 9.5M€ IP: RENEW. Ligno-cellulosic biomass sources will be used to produce synthesis gas from which various vehicle fuels can be derived: CH4, H2, methanol/DME (dimethyl ether), ethanol and novel biomass-to-liquid (BTL) fuel. Total cost: 32.5M€. EC contribution: 10M€ 3 STREP Environmentally friendly biomass combustion and co-firing technologies. BIOASH: ash-forming compounds aerosol and deposit formation. BIOPRO: New burner technologies for low grade biofuels. COPOWER. Co-processing biomass with coal and other non-toxic wastes for heat and power. Total cost: 9M€, EC contribution: 6.5M€ 2 STREP Production and coupling of biofuels to fuel cells. BIOCELLUS. GREEN-FUEL- CELL. Develop gas cleaning technology that would enable the coupling of SOFC and Gasification. Total cost: 10M€. EC contribution: 5.5M€ 1 STREP Bio-residues and energy crops: CROPGEN: identify energy-crops and agro-wastes , energy losses in production and processing,, set energy production targets. Total cost: 3M€. EC contribution: 2M€

Renewable fuels for advanced powertrains Objectives: compare and (partially) demonstrate a range of fuel production chains for motor vehicles (FT-biodiesel, DME, synthetic bioethanol) Coordinator: Volkswagen AG, Group Research, Germany Starting date: 01/01/2004 Duration: 48 months EC support: 10 M€ www.renew-fuels.com Total EC founding this call: 41.5M€ NoE: BIOENERGY. Overcoming barriers to the development of bio-energy production systems by technology development and implementation, policy actions and market strategies. Total cost: 24M€. EC contribution: 8M€ IP: CHISGAS. Develop and optimise an energy efficient and cost-effective method to produce hydrogen-rich gases from biomass. This gas can be upgraded to commercial quality hydrogen or to systhesis gas for further upgrading to liquid fuels such as DME and methanol or Fischer- Tropsch diesel. Total cost: 19M€. EC contribution: 9.5M€ IP: RENEW. Ligno-cellulosic biomass sources will be used to produce synthesis gas from which various vehicle fuels can be derived: CH4, H2, methanol/DME (dimethyl ether), ethanol and novel biomass-to-liquid (BTL) fuel. Total cost: 32.5M€. EC contribution: 10M€ 3 STREP Environmentally friendly biomass combustion and co-firing technologies. BIOASH: ash-forming compounds aerosol and deposit formation. BIOPRO: New burner technologies for low grade biofuels. COPOWER. Co-processing biomass with coal and other non-toxic wastes for heat and power. Total cost: 9M€, EC contribution: 6.5M€ 2 STREP Production and coupling of biofuels to fuel cells. BIOCELLUS. GREEN-FUEL- CELL. Develop gas cleaning technology that would enable the coupling of SOFC and Gasification. Total cost: 10M€. EC contribution: 5.5M€ 1 STREP Bio-residues and energy crops: CROPGEN: identify energy-crops and agro-wastes , energy losses in production and processing,, set energy production targets. Total cost: 3M€. EC contribution: 2M€

New Improvements for Lignocellulosic Ethanol NILE Objective: To develop cost-effective production of clean ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, enabling its use as transport fuel Coordinator: Institut Français du Pétrole, IFP, France Starting date: 1/10/2005 Duration: 48 months EU support: 7.7 M€ http://www.nile-bioethanol.org/ Total EC founding this call: 41.5M€ NoE: BIOENERGY. Overcoming barriers to the development of bio-energy production systems by technology development and implementation, policy actions and market strategies. Total cost: 24M€. EC contribution: 8M€ IP: CHISGAS. Develop and optimise an energy efficient and cost-effective method to produce hydrogen-rich gases from biomass. This gas can be upgraded to commercial quality hydrogen or to systhesis gas for further upgrading to liquid fuels such as DME and methanol or Fischer- Tropsch diesel. Total cost: 19M€. EC contribution: 9.5M€ IP: RENEW. Ligno-cellulosic biomass sources will be used to produce synthesis gas from which various vehicle fuels can be derived: CH4, H2, methanol/DME (dimethyl ether), ethanol and novel biomass-to-liquid (BTL) fuel. Total cost: 32.5M€. EC contribution: 10M€ 3 STREP Environmentally friendly biomass combustion and co-firing technologies. BIOASH: ash-forming compounds aerosol and deposit formation. BIOPRO: New burner technologies for low grade biofuels. COPOWER. Co-processing biomass with coal and other non-toxic wastes for heat and power. Total cost: 9M€, EC contribution: 6.5M€ 2 STREP Production and coupling of biofuels to fuel cells. BIOCELLUS. GREEN-FUEL- CELL. Develop gas cleaning technology that would enable the coupling of SOFC and Gasification. Total cost: 10M€. EC contribution: 5.5M€ 1 STREP Bio-residues and energy crops: CROPGEN: identify energy-crops and agro-wastes , energy losses in production and processing,, set energy production targets. Total cost: 3M€. EC contribution: 2M€

Co-processing of upgraded bio-liquids in standard refinery units - BIOCOUP Objectives: to develop a chain of process steps to allow liquefied biomass to be co-fed in a conventional oil refinery and the co-production of energy and oxygenated chemicals. Coordinator: VTT, Finland Start: 01/05/2006 Duration: 60 months EU support: 7.6 M€ 2nd biorefinery IP: negotiation ongoing Total EC founding this call: 41.5M€ NoE: BIOENERGY. Overcoming barriers to the development of bio-energy production systems by technology development and implementation, policy actions and market strategies. Total cost: 24M€. EC contribution: 8M€ IP: CHISGAS. Develop and optimise an energy efficient and cost-effective method to produce hydrogen-rich gases from biomass. This gas can be upgraded to commercial quality hydrogen or to systhesis gas for further upgrading to liquid fuels such as DME and methanol or Fischer- Tropsch diesel. Total cost: 19M€. EC contribution: 9.5M€ IP: RENEW. Ligno-cellulosic biomass sources will be used to produce synthesis gas from which various vehicle fuels can be derived: CH4, H2, methanol/DME (dimethyl ether), ethanol and novel biomass-to-liquid (BTL) fuel. Total cost: 32.5M€. EC contribution: 10M€ 3 STREP Environmentally friendly biomass combustion and co-firing technologies. BIOASH: ash-forming compounds aerosol and deposit formation. BIOPRO: New burner technologies for low grade biofuels. COPOWER. Co-processing biomass with coal and other non-toxic wastes for heat and power. Total cost: 9M€, EC contribution: 6.5M€ 2 STREP Production and coupling of biofuels to fuel cells. BIOCELLUS. GREEN-FUEL- CELL. Develop gas cleaning technology that would enable the coupling of SOFC and Gasification. Total cost: 10M€. EC contribution: 5.5M€ 1 STREP Bio-residues and energy crops: CROPGEN: identify energy-crops and agro-wastes , energy losses in production and processing,, set energy production targets. Total cost: 3M€. EC contribution: 2M€

FP7 – Energy Theme Adapting the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable and secure one. Hydrogen and fuel cells CO2 capture and storage technologies for zero emission power generation Renewable electricity generation Clean coal technologies Renewable fuel production Smart energy networks Renewables for heating and cooling Energy savings and energy efficiency Knowledge for energy policy making

Renewable fuel production Biorefinery Developing biorefinery schemes to be integrated in existing industrial complexes Forest based biorefinery New uses for glycerine in biodiesel plants First generation biofuels Cost reduction of bioethanol production from sugar and starch crops Cost reduction of biodiesel production from oil crops, animal tallow and used cooking oils

Renewable fuel production Second generation biofuels Pre-treatment/Hydrolysis/Fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production High purity syngas cleaning technologies for biofuels Biological conversion of syngas into liquid biofuels Synthetic biofuels via gasification. Production and testing Hydrogenation of oils and fats

Biorefineries Heat, Electricity, Fuels Chemicals Materials Food, Feed, Fibre Wood, Crops, Grasses Forestry or Agricultural Residues Animal or Municipal Waste Biochemical and/or Thermo-chemical Conversion Biorefinery research will be supported in two FP7 Themes: Food, agriculture and bio-technology and Energy

Food, agriculture and biotechnology Theme Life sciences and biotechnology for sustainable non-food products and processes Improved raw materials and biomass Developing advanced technologies for terrestrial or marine biomass production for applications in industrial processes and in energy production, LCA Bioprocesses Application of industrial biotechnologies within whole crop and forest biomass chains to realise the full potential of the biorefinery approach Products based on renewables Biotechnologies for novel and improved high added value and renewable forest-based products and processes Environmental biotechnologies; Use of waste and by-products Biotechnology to treat and remove pollution. Maximising the economic value of waste and by-products through new bio-processes

Staying informed Calls for proposals http://cordis.europa.eu/en/home.html Research web site http://ec.europa.eu/research/future/index_en.cfm http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/research/agriculture/index_en.html Energy Policy http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.html Conferences, proceedings, Newsletter http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/gp/gp_events/article_1567_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/nn/nn_pu/renews/article_1402_en.htm http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/research/conferences/2005/kbb/index_en.html http://biomatnet.org/home.html http://www.epobio.net/workshops.htm Biomass Action Plan http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/biomass_action_plan/green_electricity_en.htm EU Strategy for Biofuels http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/biomass/biofuel/index_en.htm