1 Emissions and Energy in the Asphalt Paving Industry Chris Robinette January 18, 2010 National Asphalt Pavement Association

2 ?Question? What are the considerations for HMA carbon footprint?

3 Life Cycle Assessment  Crude oil extraction and refining  Aggregate extraction and processing  Transportation of raw materials  Plant production  Transportation of finished product  Placement

4 ?Question? Why is our carbon footprint important?

5 Environmental Awareness

6 ?Question? How is HMA carbon footprint information being used?

7 Instances of Use  Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD)  Residential customer purchase of carbon offset  Promotion of alternative technologies  Warm mix asphalt for Sacramento Regional Transit Authority  RAP in HMA for various agencies  Hot in-place recycling on SR 542 (Washington)  Promotion of Green activities  Marvin M Black Award - AGC

8 Information Sources NCHRP 214 Colas Group PaLATEAthenaContractor Data Energy Consumption, Btu XXXXX Emissions Generation, CO 2eq XXXX Conservation of Resources, ton X

9 Upstream – To Produce One Ton of Material*  Asphalt Binder  600,000 to 4,200,000-Btu  280 to 675-lb CO 2eq  Aggregate  15,000 to 52,000-Btu  3 to 20-lb CO 2eq *Values based on multiple references

10  Haul distance  Method of transportation  Truck – 155-ton-miles/gallon – 25-tons/truck  Rail – 436-ton-miles/gallon – 143-tons/car  Barge – 576-ton-miles/gallon – 1,500-tons/boat  Type of fuel consumed  Diesel  ~139,000-Btu/gallon  ~22.6-lbs CO 2eq /gallon  Gasoline  ~124,000-Btu/gallon  ~20.0-lbs CO 2eq /gallon Transportation of Raw Materials and Finished Product

11 Plant CO 2 Emissions, lb/ton *Based on EPA AP-42 Emission Factors for a drum mix hot plant

12  Equipment composition  Type of equipment engines  Productivity  Fuel used Placement

13 ?Question? What is the benefit to using RAP?

14 RAP in HMA – Emissions & Energy Analysis* Material / ProcessRecycled Material Content, % Recycled Asphalt Binder Content, % Emissions, Approx. CO 2eq /ton Energy, Approx. Btu/ton Conventional HMA ,333 RAP , , , ,352 *percent savings in comparison to conventional alternative

15 RAP in HMA – Natural Resource Analysis* Material / ProcessRecycled Material Content, % Recycled Asphalt Binder Content, % Asphalt, ton/ton Agg, ton/ton Conventional HMA00-- RAP *percent savings in comparison to conventional alternative

16 ?Question? What about warm mix and asphalt shingles?

17 Shingles & WMA – Emissions & Energy Analysis* Material / ProcessRecycled Material Content, % Recycled Asphalt Binder Content, % Emissions, Approx. CO 2eq /ton Energy, Approx. Btu/ton Conventional HMA ,333 Post Industrial Asphalt Shingles** , ,256 Post Consumer Asphalt Shingles** , ,009 Warm Mix Asphalt ,977 *percent savings in comparison to conventional alternative **Effective contribution of asphalt binder from asphalt shingles will influence savings

18 Shingles & WMA – Natural Resource Analysis* Material / ProcessRecycled Material Content, % Recycled Asphalt Binder Content, % Asphalt, ton/ton Agg, ton/ton Conventional HMA00-- Post Industrial Asphalt Shingles** Post Consumer Asphalt Shingles** Warm Mix Asphalt--0.0 *percent savings in comparison to conventional alternative **Effective contribution of asphalt binder from asphalt shingles will influence savings

19 ?Question? Are there other considerations?

20 Life Cycle Assessment Format Reconstruction M&F CS Salvage IC IC = Initial CostCS = Crack SealM&F = Mill & Fill CS

21 Expected Service Life Representative Range Representative Value HMA12 – 1814 Fog Seal1 – 32 Crack Sealing2 – 54 Slurry Seal3 – 75 Chip Seal3 – 106

22 Life Cycle Assessment  Similar approach to previously presented  Considerations  Estimated life  Price of rehabilitation/maintenance  Discount rate  Analysis period  Salvage value – end of life  Additional savings seen in LCA

23 ?Question? Are there other opportunities?

24 Operation Estimated Emissions Generation, lbs CO 2eq /yd 2 -in

25 Operation Estimated Energy Consumption, Btu/yd 2 -in

26 Material Stabilization  AASHTO 93’ Design Guide  Representative layer coefficients  Untreated aggregate base – 0.14  Recycled aggregate base – 0.16  Emulsion stabilized aggregate base – 0.22  Cement stabilized aggregate base – 0.22  Cement stabilized subgrade – 0.16  Lime stabilized subgrade – 0.15  Design equivalent pavement structures  Low volume facility  ~1,000,000-ESALs

27 HMA 5.0-in Conv. AB 11.0-in Subgrade Rec. AB 9.5-in Subgrade Emul. Stab AB 7.0-in Subgrade Cement Stab Subgrade 9.5-in Subgrade Lime Stab Subgrade 10.0-in Subgrade Cement Stab AB 7.0-in Subgrade HMA 5.0-in Stabilization – Environmental Analysis Energy, % Savings (measured in Btu/yd 2 ) Emissions, % Savings (measured in CO 2eq /yd 2 )

28 HMA 5.0-in Conv. AB 11.0-in Subgrade Rec. AB 9.5-in Subgrade Emul. Stab AB 7.0-in Subgrade Cement Stab Subgrade 9.5-in Subgrade Lime Stab Subgrade 10.0-in Subgrade Cement Stab AB 7.0-in Subgrade HMA 5.0-in Stabilization – Natural Resource Analysis Asphalt Binder, % Savings (measured in ton/yd 2 ) Aggregate, % Savings (measured in ton/yd 2 )

29 Summary  Emissions is dependent upon fuel source  Benefits of RAP are up stream of the hot plant  Warm mix asphalt reduces greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption  There are other opportunities to be Green  Why is this information important?  Painting the construction industry Green

?Question? What does 2,800 represent? 30

What Produces More CO 2 ? 31 vs

US Cattle (Beef & Dairy)  104,000,000-head of cattle in US (2007)  145,615,000-tons of CO 2eq emitted annually 32 University of Missouri - Columbia & US EPA

Tale of the Tape 33 vs 145,615,000-tons CO 2eq /year 28,875,000-tons CO 2eq /year Assumes no RAP Difference of 116,740,000-tons CO 2eq /year

34 What Can We Do to Reduce Global Warming?

35 Questions