1. Read the following numbers 4, 9, 11, 15, 12 to yourself. Remember these numbers. 2. Write the sum of 12 and Write the name of your favorite movie. 4. Sing a line of your favorite song. You may do this quietly or loudly. 5. Stand up and read the following words out loud, “Halloween is coming up soon.” 6. Without looking, write the numbers down from number one. 7. Stand up and do 10 jumping jacks. 8. Sit down. 9. Think about what all of these activities have in common. Write down your guess. 10. Put your head down and rest for a moment.

LT #1 I can describe how the nervous system controls behaviors.

 Message Center  Transmits information throughout your body  Controls and coordinates your body’s activities  Helps you sense and respond to changes in your environment  Your nervous system has three main parts, what are they?  Brain, the spinal cord, and nerves

 The brain and spinal cord are the “control centers” of our body.  It is through the spinal cord that messages are sent to many areas of the body, but before the spinal cord can send out the messages it must receive its direction from the brain.  The nerves located in your brain and spinal cord are called the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS).  ALL parts of the brain and spinal cord make up the CNS.

BRAIN SPINAL CORD Central Nervous System

 Cerebrum  Thoughts/Thinking  Voluntary movement  Memory  Language/Speech  Five Senses  Problem Solving

 Cerebrum cont.  Has two halves or hemispheres ▪ Left hemisphere: language and logical thinking ▪ Right hemisphere: activities that require imagination and creativity. Involved in recognizing patterns, such as individual faces.

 Think of one thing you have learned about the nervous system so far.  Share the one thing with a partner.  As partners think of one other thing you would like to learn about the brain.  You have just used the part of your brain called cerebrum.  Name two actions that you just performed.

 Cerebellum  Balance  Posture  Coordination  It can be injured if you fall backwards, or are hit from behind.  Injury or damage to the cerebellum can cause you to lose control of your arms, legs, and other moving parts of your body.

 Stand up and balance on one foot.  Your ability to balance on one foot is controlled by the cerebellum.  With both feet on the floor, stand up straight.  Now slump over.  The cerebellum controls your posture.

 Brain Stem/Medulla  Controls vital and continual processes such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion.  At the base of your brain.  Controls the most important functions the body needs to keep you alive.

 Take a deep breath in and let it out.  Feel your heartbeat using either your wrist or neck.  Stand up and run in place for one minute.  What happened to your breathing and heartbeat?  Your brain stem (or medulla) controls your breathing and heartbeat.  Feel the back of your neck. Find the bump. This is where the brain stem connects to the spinal cord.

 A bundle of nerves that goes from the brain stem down the center of your back.  A very important part of the body because it carries all the message from the brain to all the different parts of your body.  Any damage to this part of the body would mean that your brain will not be able to control some of the parts of your body.

 Connects with other nerves outside the CNS.  Connects nerves to the rest of the body so that the brain can communicate with the body.  Controls reflexes, responses of the nervous system that are directed by the spinal cord, instead of the brain.

 In adult men, the average spinal cord is 45 cm long and in adult women, it is 43 cm long. It weighs approximately 35 grams.  Girls cut a piece of yarn that is 43 cm long.  Boys cut a piece of yarn that is 45 cm long.

1. Read to yourself the following words: cat, red, brain, horse, blue. Remember these words. 2. Write the difference of 24 and Write the name of your favorite musician/band. 4. Sing a line of your favorite Christmas carol. You may do this quietly or loudly. 5. Stand up and read the following words out loud, “It’s my money and I need it now!” 6. Without looking, write the words down from number one. 7. Stand up and do 15 arm curls. 8. Sit down. 9. Write down what all of these activities have in common. 10. Put your head down and rest for a moment.

 Is an involuntary or automatic, action that your body does in response to something — without you even having to think about it.  Pulling your hand away from a hot object is an example of a reflex action.  When you touch something hot, nerve cells in your hand send a message that tells your muscles to yank your hand away.  The brain does not become aware of what happened until a split-second later.

 When your body reacts to something that a nerve feels without thinking about it.  If you had to wait for the message to get to your brain before your hand reacted, you would be severely burned.  Have you ever noticed how you often say “ouch” after you have taken your hand away?  That’s because the message reaches your brain usually a spilt second after you have reacted by taking your hand away and your brain realizes that your body felt pain and you react by saying “ouch”.

 Dim the lights in a room.  After a few minutes, look at the eyes of another person and note the size of the pupil (the black center spot in the middle of the eye).  Turn the room lights back on.  Check the size of the pupils again.  The pupils should now be smaller. This is the pupillary response: it "automatically" keeps out excessive light that may damage the eye.  Reflexes are used to protect the body automatically.

 All the nerves that are not located in the brain and spinal cord.  Every part of your body depends on directions from your brain to tell it what or how to do something.  Your nerves are what carry these messages from the brain to all parts of your body.

NERVES PNS

 Nerve cells, or neurons, are very specialized cells.  A nerve is a bundle of tiny messenger cells.  Typical neuron has a central cell body that contains cytoplasm and a nucleus.  Branching away from this cell body is a long arm known as an axon.  Nerve impulses travel from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrites of another cell.

 Raise your hands.  When you do this, the brain sends a signal or message out that travels through spinal cord to nerves in their arms and hands telling the nerves that it is time for the hand to be raised.  How fast do you think messages travel in the nervous system?  About 200 mph. Travel so quick so we don’t even realize that it is happening.

 Nerves help the brain with the five senses  Information about your environment is taken into your body through sense organs.  Each organ has special cells, called sensory cells, that respond to certain types of stimuli in your surroundings.  Information taken in by sensory cells is then transmitted to your brain.  Your brain interprets these signals, making you aware of your surroundings.  Stimuli – is any change in the environment that affects the activity/behavior of an organism

 Study Jams Video and Quiz Study Jams Video and Quiz  Animated Nervous System Video Animated Nervous System Video  Reading and Questions Reading and Questions  Brain Tour Brain Tour

Part of the BodyHow many centimeters apart do you think the points on the paper clip will be when you partner starts to feel two points? How many centimeters apart were the paper clips points when you actually measured them? Back of hand Arm Fingers Cheek Nose Leg

 Under table write: Give a conclusion as to what parts of your body are more sensitive to touch and why?  Go over directions.  With a partner do the activity.  Some parts of the body, such as fingers, have more nerves and will therefore feel more than other parts.

1. Write down the following words: brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Remember these words. 2. Stand up and read the following words out loud, “Learning Target #1 quiz is Wednesday.” 3. Without looking, say the words you wrote down for number one. 4. Stand up and run in place for 30 seconds. Then sit down. 5. Think about what all of these activities have in common.