Energy Resources: Production and Consumption prepared by Dr Jehad Yamin

2 Contents Non-Renewable Energy Resources [slide 3] Renewable Energy Sources [slide 4] Peak Production of Petroleum in US [slide 5] Projected World Peak Production of Petroleum [slide 6] Projected World Peak Production of Petroleum [slide 7] Regional Shares of Crude Oil [slide 8] World Oil Production[slide 9] World Total Primary Energy Supply [slide 10] World Total Energy Consumption Projections [slide 11] World Total Energy Consumption Projections (by fuel type) [slide 12] World Total Energy Consumption (by region) [slide 13] U.S. Energy Flow[slide 14] U.S. Energy Consumption and Renewable Supply[slide 15] Additional Resources[slide 16]

3 Non-Renewable Energy Sources Conventional –Petroleum –Natural Gas –Coal –Nuclear Unconventional (examples) –Oil Shale –Natural gas hydrates in marine sediment

4 Renewable Energy Sources Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal power Passive solar air and water heating Wind Hydropower Biomass Ocean energy Geothermal Waste to Energy

5 World Energy Consumption

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7 World Total Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu)

BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2012 bp.com/statisticalreview

Oil BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

Distribution of proved oil reserves

Oil production/consumption by region

Oil consumption per capita

Oil product consumption by region

Chart of Rotterdam & Gulf Coast product prices

Chart of crude oil prices since 1861

Chart of refinery utilisation

Chart of regional refining margins

Major oil trade movements

Global oil reserves rose by 31 billion barrels to 1,653 billion barrels in 2011 Iraq added 28 billion bbls and Russia, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia all increased reserves by 1 billion bbls. Proved reserves remain concentrated in OPEC which controls 72% of the world’s oil reserves, the highest proportion since Overall, the long-term trend is the world continues to add more reserves than it uses while the global R/P ratio stands at 54.2 at the end of

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Natural Gas BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

Gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

Distribution of proved gas reserves BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

Gas production/consumption by region BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

Gas consumption per capita BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

Chart of gas prices BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

Major gas trade movements

Coal

Coal reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

Distribution of proved coal reserves

Coal production/consumption by region

Coal consumption per capita

Renewable energy BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

Renewable energy consumption/share of power

Renewable energy production by region

Biofuels 38

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Geothermal capacity Geothermal capacity grew by just 0.8% (88 MW) in 2011, to reach 11 GW. Geothermal capacity has now been overtaken by solar power capacity, but geothermal power runs at a much higher load factor solar (its source is continuous rather than intermittent), so geothermal still produces significantly more electricity than solar. Only two major projects were completed in 2011, in Iceland (90 MW) and Costa Rica (42 MW), while Mexico shut down an old plant (78 MW). The US has the largest geothermal capacity, now just over 3.1 GW (28.3% of the world total), followed by the Philippines (2.0 GW), Indonesia (1.2 GW) and Mexico (0.9 GW). 40

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Solar capacity 42

Wind capacity 43