BONDING TYPES ctnd. What is covalent bonding?

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Presentation transcript:

BONDING TYPES ctnd. What is covalent bonding? What is metallic bonding? How do you name or write covalent compounds?

BONDING TYPES Ionic  stealing, transfer of electrons Covalent  sharing of electrons Metallic  bonds are attractions of floating valence e- to other positively charged cations (Sea of electrons, drifter) Watch Video: Common Types of Atomic Bonds http://aaronfreeman.wikispaces.com/file/view/Common_Types_of_Atomic_Bonds.mov

Ionic or Covalent? How can I easily determine if a substance is ionic or covalent? By calculating difference in electronegativity! Rule of Thumb – Magic Number = 1.67 If the difference is > 1.67 IONIC < 1.67 COVALENT = 1.67 50% Ionic and 50% Covalent

ELECTRONEGATIVITY VALUES

EXAMPLES EX. Examine electronegativity between F and Cs F = 4.0 Cs = .7 |4.0 - .7| = 3.3 so …. IONIC COMPOUND Practice Ca and Cl Ca = 1.0 Cl = 3.0 Difference is 2.0 so Ionic Compound S and O S = 2.5 O = 3.5 Difference is 1 so Covalent Compound

COVALENT COMPOUNDS Molecules  neutral group of atoms held together Molecules  neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds Molecular/Covalent Compounds  compound whose simplest units are molecules Low melting/boiling points Made from two nonmetals EX. H2O water CO2 carbon monoxide

MOLECULES

MOLECULAR FORMULA Molecular Formula  chemical formula of covalent cmpd Actual number of atoms in each molecule Does NOT tell us about arrangement of atoms H2O : 2 atoms of H 1 atom of O C2H6 : 2 atoms of C 6 atoms of H

NAMING MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS DO NOT USE CHARGES!!!! USE PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES  tells how many atoms of each element are present in each molecule of the compound How would you name? CO2 or SO3 Carbon Dioxide Sulfur Trioxide

NAMING MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS If covalent: use prefixes OMIT the prefix mono- if the first atom is = 1 p.269 ADD suffix to the second element of –ide SF6 Cl2O8 SO3 ICl4 P2O5 Carbon Tetraiodide Phosphorus Trichloride Dinitrogen Trioxide Br2 I2 O2 Sulfur Hexafluoride Dichlorine Octoxygen …. NOT Octa-oxygen Sulfur Trioxide Iodine Tetrachloride Diphosphorus Pentoxide … NOT Penta-oxide CI4 PCl3 N2O3 Bromine Iodine Oxygen