Acquired Immunity

Expected Learning: To explore and define acquired immunity

Pre Questions what are monoclonal cultures? What is a vaccine? How does a Vaccine work?

Self & Non-self Self refers to materials made by the body Non-self refers to all foreign materials. If a foreign material is detected, the immune response is activated

Non Specific Immunity: Refers to chemical and physical barriers, present before contact with a specific micro-organism. Has no memory Specific Immunity: An acquired or adaptive immunity (occurs after body’s contact with infection), involves the production of specialised cells and chemical substances called antibodies. Specific immunity has a memory e.g. Vaccines

Active & Passive Immunity: Passive immunity is where antibodies produced in one person that are introduced into another react with antigens to provide immunity. Passive immunity can be acquired naturally or induced. Natural Induced Eg. Monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal Antibodies: Are a type of protein made in the laboratory that can bind to substances in the body, including tumour cells. There are many kinds of monoclonal antibodies. Each monoclonal antibody is made to find one substance.

Active immunity is where antibodies are produced within a person, as a response to exposure to a specific antigen. It can also be acquired Naturally or induced Natural Induced Eg. Vaccine

Difference between active and passive immunity:

immunizations, needles, shots What is Vaccination?? Vaccinations protect you from specific diseases that can make you very sick, disable or even kill you. They boost your body's immune system. Vaccines create immunity that protects you from an infection without causing the suffering of the disease itself. immunizations, needles, shots

How do they work?? Most vaccines contain a little bit of a disease germ that is weak or dead. This makes the body's defence system build antibodies to fight off this germ. Antibodies remember how to fight off the germ. If the real germ that causes this disease (not the vaccine) enters your body in the future, your defence system knows how to fight it off. (due to formation of memory cells) Often, your defence system will remember how to fight a germ for the rest of your life. Sometimes, your defence system needs a booster shot.

Usually vaccines prevent one disease. Sometimes they are combined to protect you from several diseases with one shot. For example, the MMR vaccine fights Measles, Mumps and Rubella (German measles). Summary video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SduMbjW2V9A

Active Passive Natural Induced Vaccine Natural Induced Immune Response Specific Immunity Active Passive Non Specific immunity Non-self of Detection Natural Induced Immune Response monoclonal antibody

How they relate to Specific, Non-specific & self and Non self: Vaccines are categorised as non self, as they are foreign to the body and have an effect on the non-self micro-organism, as well as the self – the antibodies produced as a result of their presence . They are specific as one particular vaccine acts on one type of micro-organism.

Homework: Quick check Qs- 20-23 Challenge- Qs 24&25 of VCAA 2011 Exam Reflection: What did we lean about acquired immunity today?

Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies http://cancerhelp.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/biological/types/about-monoclonal-antibodies http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26309 http://thyroid.about.com/library/immune/blimm02.htm http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/immune.htm Kinnear, J. and Martin, M. (2006) Nature of Biology Book 2. 3rd ed. Milton, Queensland: John Wiley & Sons Australia.