Living Things Chapter 2

What is Life? Characteristics of living things _____________ _______________ ______________ ________________________ ________________ ___________

Cellular Organization Cells - basic unit of structure and function in an organism – microscopic Single celled (bacteria) Many cells that are specialized to do certain tasks Example: muscle and nerve cells perform certain tasks in the body to help us move and feel. Unicellular - Multicellular-

Chemicals of life Most abundant chemical in cells is_______ ____________ are a cell’s main energy source _______________ are the building blocks of cells. ___________carry the genetic material, chemical instructions that direct the cell’s activities.

Energy Use and Response All cells use ___________to do work such as repair injuries and move chemicals throughout the body _____________________ – reactions to changes in the environment. Example: plant bends toward the light, remove hand from a hot stove. ________- change in an organisms surroundings that causes a reaction ___________- an action or change in behavior

Growth, Development, and Reproduction ______-the process of becoming larger. ____________- process of change that occurs to make organisms more complex. _________________- produce offspring that are similar to the parents – not exact! _________________- living things cannot arise from non-living things through ___________________(mistaken idea)

Redi ____________________-helped to disprove spontaneous generation. Controlled experiment to show that flies do not arise from decaying meat _____________________(Independent Variable) was whether or not the jars were covered to allow the flies to get to the meat inside. Flies were able to enter the uncovered jars and lay eggs. The eggs hatched into maggots which developed into flies. No flies were able to enter the covered jar – no maggots were formed ____________ - rotting meat does not produce flies!

Pasteur ___________-credited with disproving the theory of spontaneous generation through his experiment with bacteria and broth. ______________________- 1. Clear broth into two flasks with curved necks. The necks let oxygen into the broth but were to keep bacteria out. Boiled broth in one flask but not the other Unboiled broth became cloudy showing that new bacteria were growing . Boiled broth remained clear. _________________– new bacteria only arise from living bacteria that were already present in the unboiled broth.

Needs of Living Things __________ - all living things need water to survive. Water is used for breaking down food, growth, transport of nutrients, and reproduction. ____-source of energy to live. ________________________ – make their own food. Example: plants capture suns energy and make their own food – this process is called ________________. __________________________ – obtain energy by feeding on others. Example: animals, mushrooms, and slime molds.

Needs of Living Things Continued ______________-a place to get food, water, and find shelter. The surroundings must provide what the organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce. This sometimes leads to _________ because space is limited on Earth and there are many living things competing for the same space. _________________________-conditions inside of an organisms body must remain stable even when conditions outside of the body change dramatically. -___________________-maintenance of stable internal conditions

Microscope Lab