Maša Radeljak Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat TREATMENT OF TUMORS Maša Radeljak Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

GOALS OF TREATMENT Complete removal Palliation Amelioration of symptoms Preservation of quality of life

TREATMENT OF TUMORS Surgery Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Biologic therapy

TREATMENT OF TUMORS ADJUVANT Given after the primary treatment Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy NEOADJUVANT First step before the main treatment Chemotherapy, radiation therapy

SURGERY Prevention- resection of premalignant lesions Diagnosis- excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy, core-needle biopsy, fine-needle aspiration

SURGERY Staging- determining the extent of the disease and whether it has metastasized to regional lymph nodes

SURGERY - TREATMENT Most effective therapy 40% Complete excision Local control of tumor Preservation of organ function Resection of metastatic disease Staging information Mastectomy, prostatectomy, lung cancer surgery

SURGERY Palliation- supportive care, pain management, insertion of central venous catheters, ascites Rehabilitation- breast reconstruction, orthopedic procedures

RADIATION THERAPY Target tissue Genetic material Free radicals Oxygen X-rays and gamma rays Teletherapy, brachytherapy, systemic therapy with radionuclides

TELETHERAPY External beam radiotherapy Linear accelerators Most commonly used form of radiation Breast, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's disease

BRACHYTHERAPY Internal radiotherapy Inside or next to the tumor Temporary or permanent Cervical, brain, skin and prostate cancer

CHEMOTHERAPY Cytotoxic drugs Rapidly dividing cells Alkylating agents Antimetabolites Plant alkaloids and terpenoids Topoisomerase inhibitors Antitumor antibiotics Hormonal agents

TOXICITY Nausea Vomiting Myelosuppression Mucositis Alopecia Gonadal dysfunction

BIOLOGIC THERAPY Immune mediators Antibodies Cytokines Angiogenesis inhibitors

REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_treatm ent Harrison: Principles of Internal Medicine